Pineda-Daboin KM, Rosas-García G, Rosas-García MI, Luna MA, Rosas-Uribe A

Language: Spanish
References: 120
Page: 7-18
PDF size: 425.30 Kb.

ABSTRACT

We reviewed the clinical, histological, immunophenotypical and genotypical characteristics of primary extranodal head and neck lymphomas. They represent less than 10 % of all extranodal lymphomas and affect mainly male patients over 40 years of age. The majority of them are diffuse non-Hodgkin’s type of B-lymphocytes, and occasionally Hodgkin’s. Waldeyer’s ring is the most frequent location and the larynx the rarest. Despite the fact that cyto-histological diagnosis is possible in well obtained and processed material, immunophenotypical and genotypical techniques are often required for its identifi cation and differentiation with other benign and malignant processes which resemble them.

REFERENCES

1. Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D, editors. Head and Neck Tumors. World Health Classifi cation of Tumors. IARC Press. Lyon-2005.

2. Batsakis J, Medeiros J, Luna MA, El-Naggar A. Plasma celldiscrasias in the head and neck. Ann Diag Pathol 2002;6:129- 40.

3. Menarguez J, Mollejo M, Carrion R, et al. Waldeyer’s ring lymphomas. A clinicopathological study of 79 cases. Histopathol 1994;24:13-22.

4. Nathu RM, Mendelhall NP, Almasri NM, Lynch JW. Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the head and neck: a 30-year experience at the University of Florida. Head and Neck 1999;21:247- 54.

5. Rosai J. Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology. Mosby 2004.

6. Rosas-Uribe A, Barberena E. Linfomas e infi ltrados linfoides y/o hiperplasias (“seudolinfomas”) extraganglionares: Características clínicas y patológicas en 280 pacientes. Patología (México) 1994;32:211-23.

7. Sandlung JT, Downing JR, Cris WM. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in childhood. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1238-48.

8. Shima N, Kobashi Y, Tsutsui K, Ogawa K, et al. Extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the head and neck. A clinicopathological study in the Kyoto-Nara area of Japan. Cancer 1990;66:1190-7.

9. Vega F, Lin P, Medeiros J. Extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck. Ann Diag Pathol 2005;9:340-50.

10. Wanamaker HE, Adelstein D, Tobbs R, Laverto P. Extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck. A 20 year experience. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;123:1318-23.

11. Wollner N, Mondall L, Filippa D, et al. Primary nasal-paranasal oropharyngeal lymphoma in the pediatric age group. Cancer 1990;65:1438-44.

12. Yuen A, Jacobs C. Lymphomas of the head and neck. Sem Oncol 1999;26:338-45.

13. Campo E, Chott A, Kinney MC, et al. Update on extranodal lymphomas. Conclusions of the Workshop held by the EAHP and the SH in Thessaloniki, Greece. Histopathology 2006;48:481- 504.

14. Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW (Eds.). Pathology and genetics of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. World Health Organization classifi cation of tumors. IARC Press. Lyon 2001.

15. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Devies RE, et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifi ed by gene expression profi ling. Nature 2000;403:503-11.

16. Chan JKC. Advances in immunohistochemistry: Impact on surgical pathology. Sem Diag Pathol 2000;17:170-7.

17. Chu PG, Chang KL, Arber OA, Weiss LM. Immunophenotyping of hematopoietic neoplasms. Sem Diag Pathol 2000;17: 236- 56.

18. 18 Higgins RA, Blankenship JE, Kinney MC. Application of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008;132:441-61.

19. Mizrak D, Brittan M, Alison MR. CD 133: molecule of the moment. J Pathol 2008;214:3-9.

20. O’Connor SL, Cho JH, McDonnell TJ. The application of molecular techniques to solid tumors. Sem Diag Pathol 2002;19:94- 103.

21. Sen F, Vega F, Medeiros LJ. Molecular genetic methods in the diagnosis of hematologic neoplasms. Sem Diag Pathol 2002;19:72-93.

22. Shi SR, Liv CH, Pootrakul LR, et al. Evaluation of the value of frozen tissue section used as “gold standard” for immunohistochemistry. Am J Clin Pathol 2008;129:358-66.

23. Stetler-Stevenson M, Braylan RC. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders. Sem Hematol 2001;38:111-23.

24. Rosai J. The continuing role of morphology in the molecular age. Mod Pathol 2001;14: 258-60.

25. Rosai J. Why microscopy will remain a cornerstone in surgical pathology. Lab Invest 2007;87:403-8.

26. Aguilera NSI, Tomaszewski MM, Moad JC, et al. Cutaneous follicle center lymphomas: A clinicopathologic study of 19 cases. Mod Pathol 2001;14:825-35.

27. Cerroni L, Arzberger E, Putz B, et al. Primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma, with folicular growth pattern. Blood 2000;95:3922-8.

28. Cerroni L, El–Shawabri-Caelen L, Kink-Puche R, et al.Cutaneous spindle-cell lymphoma. A morphologic variant of cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2000;22:299-304.

29. Diamandidou E, Cohen PR, Kurzrock R. Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Blood 1996;88:2385-409.

30. Khamaysi Z, Ben-Arieh Y, Izhak O, et al. The applicability of the new WHO-EORTC classifi cation of primary cutaneous lymphomas to a referral center. Am J Dermatopathol 2008;30:37- 44.

31. Kinney MC, Jones D. Cutaneous T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas. The WHO-EORTC classifi cation and the increasing recognition of specialized tumors types. Am J Clin Pathol 2007;127:670-86.

32. Rosas-Uribe A. Linfomas cutáneos primarios y lesiones simuladoras (“seudolinfomas”): características clínicas y patológicas en 200 pacientes venezolanos. Patología (México) 1999;37:251-66.

33. Sioutos N, Kerl H, Murphy SB, Kadin ME. Primary cutaneous Hodgkin’s disease. Unique clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic fi ndings. Am J Dermatol 1994;16:2-8.

34. Wasco MJ, Fullen D, Su L, Ma L. The expression of MUM 1 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Hum Pathol 2008;39:557-63.

35. Yang B, Tubbs RR, Finn W, et al. Clinicopathologic reassessment of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas with immunophenotypic and molecular genetic characterization. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:694-702.

36. Zaatari GS, Chan WC, Kim TH, et al. Malignant lymphoma of the skin in children. Cancer 1987;59:1040-5.

37. Arai E, Okubo H, Tsuchida T, et al. Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis. A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases of cutaneous pseudolymphoma with folicular invasion. Am J Surg Pathol 1999;23:1313-9.

38. Gancberg D, Feoli F, Homels J, et al. Trisomy 6 in Merkel cell carcinoma: a recurrent chromosomal aberration. Histopathol 2000;37:445-51.

39. Longacre TA, Smoller BR. Leukemia cutis. Analysis of 50 biopsy-proven cases with an emphasis on occurrence in myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Clin Pathol 1993;100:276-84.

40. Wick MR, Swanson PE, Rocamora A. Recognition of malignant melanoma by monoclonal antibody HMB-45. An immunohistochemicalstudy of 200 paraffi n-embedded cutaneous tumors. J Cutan Pathol 1998;15:201-7.

41. Dorfman HD, Czernick B. Immunohematopoietic tumors. In: Bone Tumors. Mosby, 1998;pp:664-728.

42. Fechner RE, Miels SE. Lesions of hematopoietic, lymphoid and histiocytic elements. In: Tumors of bones and joints. Vol8, 3rd ed. Washington: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1993;pp:211-31.

43. Glotzbecker MP, Kersun LS, Choi JK, et al. Primary non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma of bone in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88:583-94.

44. Meis JM, Butler JJ, Osborne BM, Ordoñez NG. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmocitomas. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Cancer 1987;59:1475-85.

45. Ostroswski ML, Inwards CY, Strickler JG, et al. Osseous Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 1999;85:1166-78.

46. Pastrán CM, Rosas-García MI, Mota JDG, Rosas-Uribe A. Linfomas óseos: Características clinicopatológicas en 40 pacientes venezolanos. Patología (México) 2004;42:109-17.

47. Pileri SA, Montanari M, Felini B, et al. Malignant lymphoma involving the mandible. Clinical morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14:652- 9.

48. Sariban E, Donahue A, Magrath IT. Jaw involvement in American Burkitt’s lymphoma. Cancer 1984;53:1777-82.

49. Tena Suck ML, Moreno Avellán A, Navarro Escudero N, et al. Frontal solitary plasmocytoma and meningioma (collision tumor). Case report and literature review. Patología (México) 2008;46:112-6.

50. Unni KK. Malignant lymphoma of bone. In: Dahlin’s Bone Tumors. General aspects and data on 11,087 cases. Lippincott- Raven 1996;pp:233-48.

51. Zhao XF, Young KH, Frank D, et al. Pediatric primary bone lymphoma-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics in 10 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2007;127:47-54.

52. De Young BR, Wick MR. Immunohistologic evaluation of metastatic carcinomas of unknown origin: An algorithmic approach. Sem Diag Pathol 2000;17:184-93.

53. Nakajima H, Sim FH, Bond JR, et al. Small cell osteosarcoma of bone, review of 72 cases. Cancer 1997;79:2095-106.

54. Peydró-Olaya A, Llombart-Bosch A, Corda-Batalla C, López- Guerrero JA. Electron microscopy and other ancillary techniques in the diagnosis of small round cell tumors. Sem Diag Pathol 2003;20:25-45.

55. Siegal G, Olvier W, Reinus W, et al. Primary Ewing’s sarcoma involving the bones of the head and neck. Cancer 1987;60:2829-40.

56. Chim CS, Ng I, Trendell-Smith NJ, Liang R. Primary extramedullary plasmocytoma of the lacrimal gland. Leuk Lymphoma 2001;42:831-4.

57. Coupland SE, Krause L, Delecluse HJ, et al. Lymphoproliferativelesions of the ocular anexa. Analysis of 12 cases. Ophthalmol 1998;105:1430-41.

58. Coupland SE, Foss HD, Hidayet AA, et al. Extranodal marginalzone B-cell lymphomas of the uvea: an analysis of 13 cases. J Pathol 2002;197:333-40.

59. Ferreri AJ, Guidoboni M, Penzoni M, et al. Evidence for an association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular anexal lymphomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:586-94.

60. Kuwabara H, Tsuji M, Yoshii Y, et al. Nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma of the orbit with distant metastases. Hum Pathol 2003;34:290-2.

61. Medeiros LJ, Harris NL. Lymphoid infi ltrates of the orbit and conjunctiva. A morphologic and immunophenotypic study of 99 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1989;13:459-71.

62. Pineda KMD, Rosas-García MI, Luna MA, Rosas-Uribe A. Linfomas en la órbita y conjuntiva; características clinicopatológicas en 14 pacientes venezolanos. Patología (México) 2006;44:203-10.

63. Wotherspoon AC, Diss TC, Pan LX, et al. Primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the conjunctiva: A mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Histopathol 1993;23:417-24.

64. White WL, Ferry JA, Harris NL, Grove AS. Ocular adnexal lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study with identifi cation of lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. Ophthalmol 1995;102:1994-2006.

65. White VA, Gascoyne RD, McNeil BK, et al. Histopathologic fi ndings and frequency of clonality detected by the polymerase chain reaction in ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions. Mod Pathol 1996;9:1052-61.

66. Devoe K, Weider N. Immunocytochemistry of small round cell tumors. Sem Diag Pathol 2000;17:216-24.

67. Suster S. Recent advances in the application of immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. Sem Diag Pathol 2000;17:225-35.

68. Abbondanzo SL, Wenig BM. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the sinonasal tract. A clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 120 cases. Cancer 1995;75:1281-91.

69. Cuadra-García I, Proulx GM, Lee WUC, et al. Sinonasal lymphoma. A clinicopathologic analysis of 58 cases from the Massachusetts General Hospital. Am J Surg Pathol 1999;23:1356-69.

70. Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Zarate-Osorno A, Meneses A, et al. Cytotoxic granular protein expression, Epstein-Barr virus straintype, and latent membrane protein-1 oncogene deletions in nasal T-lymphoyte/natural killer cell lymphomas from Mexico. Mod Pathol 1998;11:754-61.

71. Hongyo T, li T, Syaifudin M, et al. Specifi c c-kit mutation in sinonasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in China and Japan. Cancer Res 2000;60:2345-7.

72. García ML, Rosas-García MI, Bianchi GI, Rosas-Uribe A. Linfomas nasales y paranasales: Características clínicopatológicas en 36 pacientes venezolanos. Patología (México) 2003;41:17-25.

73. Hasserjian RP, Harris NL. NK-cell lymphomas and leukemias. A spectrum of tumors with variable manifestations and immunophenotype. Am J Clin Pathol 2007;127:860-8.

74. Lai R, Medeiros LJ, Dabbagh L, et al. Sinusoidal CD30 positive large B-cell lymphoma: A morphologic mimic of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2000;13:223-8.

75. Quintanilla-Martínez L, Franklin JL, Guerrero I, et al. Histological and immunophenotype profi le of nasal NK/ T-cell lymphoma from Peru: high prevalence of p53 overexpression. Hum Pathol 1999;30:849-55.

76. Takahashi N, Nimura I, Chubachi A, et al. A clinicopathological study of 20 patients with T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomaassociated hemophagocytic syndrome with special reference to nasal and nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2001;74:303-8.

77. Van de Rijn M, Barghara V, Molina-Kirsch H, et al. Extranodal head and neck lymphomas in Guatemala: High frequency of Epstein-Barr virus-associated sinonasal lymphomas. Hum Pathol 1997;28:834-9.

78. Vargas-Jiménez J, Lanaza Hernández O, Robles Cerda A. Plasmocitoma en la vía aérea superior: Informe de 3 casos. Patología (México) 1998;36:113-7.

79. Cardinal L, Bellotti M, Elsner B, et al. Melanoma maligno de nariz y de senos paranasales. Estudio inmunohistoquímico y de ploidia nuclear de 8 casos. Patología (México) 1993;31:87- 91.

80. Houston GD, Gillies E. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: A distinctive clinicopathologic entity. Adv Anat Pathol 1999;6:317- 23.

81. Meis JM, Butler JJ, Osborne BM, Manning JT. Granulocytic sarcoma in nonleukemic patients. Cancer 1986;58:2697- 709.

82. Wick MR. Immunohistology of neuroendocrine and neuroectodermal tumors. Sem Diag Pathol 2000;17:194-203.

83. Yi ES, Colbi TV, Wegener’s granulomatosis. Sem Diag Pathol 2001;18:34-46.

84. Chan JKC, Fletcher CDM, Naylor SJ, Cooper K. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. Clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases suggesting a malignant potential higher than currently recognized. Cancer 1997;74:294-313.

85. Delecluse HJ, Anagnostopoulos I, Dallenbach F, et al. Plasmablastic lymphomas of the oral cavity: a new entity associated with the human immunodefi ciency virus infection. Blood 1997;89:1413-20.

86. Ezzat AA, Ibrahim EM, Weshi AN, et al. Localized non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of Waldeyer’s ring: clinical features, management, and prognosis in 130 adult patients. Head and Neck 2001;23:547-58.

87. Kairouz S, Hashash J, Kabbara W, et al. Dendritic cell neoplasms: An overview. Am J Hematol 2007;82:924-8.

88. Kapadia SB, Roman LN, Kingma DW, et al. Hodgkin’s disease of Waldeyer’s ring. Clinical and immunophenotypic fi ndings and association with Epstein-Barr virus in 16 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:1431-9.

89. Kojima M, Nakamura S, Shuimizuk K, et al. Marginal zone Bcell lymphomas of Waldeyer’s ring. A report of two tonsillectomy cases resembling histomorphological features of infl ammatory lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2001;197:781-4.

90. Maldonado G, Rosas-García MI, Mota JDG, Rosas-Uribe A. Linfomas en las amígdalas palatinas: Características histológicas en 50 pacientes venezolanos. Patología (México) 2005;43:129-35.

91. Quiñonez-Ávila MP, González-Longoria AA, Admiral JH, Medeiros LJ. Hodgkin’s lymphoma involving Waldeyer’s ring: a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2005;123:651-6.

92. Solomides CC, Miller AS, Christman RA, et al. Lymphomas of the oral cavity: histology, immunologic types, and evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Hum Pathol 2002;33:153-7.

93. Ballesteros E, Osborne BM, Matsushima AY. Plasma cell granuloma of the oral cavity: A report of two cases and review of the literature. Mod Pathol 1998;11:60-64.

94. Prasad ML, Jungbluth AA, Iverson K, et al. Expression of melanocytic differentiation markers in malignant melanomas of the oral and sinonasal mucosa. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:782- 7.

95. Barnes L, Myers EN, Prokopakis EP. Primary malignant lymphomaof the parotid gland. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;124:573-7.

96. Harris NL. Lymphoid proliferations of the salivary glands. Am J Clin Pathol 1999;111(Suppl. 1):s94-s103.

97. Park CK, Manning JT, Battifora H, Medeiros LJ. Follicle center lymphoma and Warthin tumor involving the same anatomic site. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:113-9.

98. Pineda KMD, Rosas-Gracía G, Mota JDG, et al. Linfomas en las glándulas salivales: características histológicas en 19 pacientes venezolanos. Patología (México) 2006;44:147-54.

99. Quintana PG, Capada SB, Baler DN, et al. Salivary gland lymphoid infi ltrates associated with lymphoepithelial lesions: A clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic study. Hum Pathol 1997;28:850-61.

100. Schindler S, Nayar R, Dutra J, Bedrossian CWM. Diagnostic challenges in aspiration cytology of the salivary glands. Sem Diag Pathol 2001;18:124-46.

101. Taddesse-Heath L, Pittaluga S, Sorbora L, et al. Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in children and young adults. Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:522-31.

102. Twore KJA, Michael CW. Parotid gland mucosa associated lymphomas and their cytologic mimics. Sem Diag Pathol 2001;18:147-50.

103. Hui NK, Luna MA, Batsakis JG, et al. Undifferentiated carcinomas of the major salivary glands. Oral Surg Med Pathol 1990;69:76-83.

104. Roberts C, Jayaramachandran S. Malignant melanoma of the parotid gland. Br J Clin Pract 1992;46:217-8.

105. Ansell SM, Grant CS, Haberman TM. Primary thyroid lymphoma. Sem Oncol 1999;26:316-23.

106. Cho JH, Park YH, Kim WS, et al. High incidence of mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue in primary thyroid lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 18 cases in the Korean population. Leuk-Lymphoma 2006;47:2128-31.

107. Derringer GA, Thompson LDR, Frommelt RA, et al. Malignantlymphoma of the thyroid gland. A clinicopathologic study of 108 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:623-39.

108. Ha CS, Shadle KM, Medeiros LJ, et al. Localized non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the thyroid gland. Cancer 2001;91:629-35.

109. Kovacs C, Mant MJ, Nguyen GK, et al. Plasma cell lesions of the thyroid: report of a case of solitary plasmocytoma and review of the literature. Thyroid 1994;4:65-71.

110. Lam KY, Lo CY, Kwong OI, et al. Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid: A 30-year clinicopathologic experience and an evaluation of the presence of Epstein-Barr virus. Am J Clin Pathol 1999;112:263-70.

111. Mota JDG, Rosas-García G, Rosas-Uribe A. Linfomas en la glándula tiroides: características histológicas e inmunohistoquímicas en un grupo de pacientes venezolanos. Patología (México) 2007;45:159-64.

112. Motol N, Ozawa Y. Malignant T cell lymphoma of the thyroid gland associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Pathol Internat 2005;55:425-30.

113. Skacel M, Ross CW, Hsi ED. A reassessment of primary thyroid lymphoma: High grade MALT-type lymphoma as a distinct subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Histopathol 2000;37:10-18.

114. Krieg L, Guetgemann I, Zhou H. Plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid gland mimicking carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2007;203:813-7.

115. Lam KY, Lo CY. Metastatic tumors of the thyroid gland. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998;122:37-41.

116. Wolf BC, Sheahen K, De Costa D, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of small cell tumors of the thyroid gland. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study. Hum Pathol 1992;23:1252-61.

117. Arnulf B, Copie-Bergman C, Delfue-Larue MH, et al. Non-hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: A subset of cytotoxic lymphomas of the larynx. Blood 1998;91:1723-31.

118. Fung EK, Neuhaser TS, Thompson LDR. Hodgkin-like transformation of a marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the larynx. Am Diag Pathol 2002;6:61-66.

119. King AD, Yuen EHY, Lei KLK, et al. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the larynx. CT and MR imaging fi ndings. Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:12-15.

120. Mok JS, Pak MW, Chan KF, et al. Unusual T-and T/NK-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the larynx: a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and pathologists. Head Neck 2001;23:625-8.