medigraphic.com

2003, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2003; 41 (2)

Neuronal Plasticity. Part 2

Aguilar RF

Language: Spanish
References: 55
Page: 133-142
PDF size: 215.75 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Neuronal plasticity explains recovery of function and compensation following brain injury. The ca-pacity for reorganization may be a fundamental property of the developing nervous system is not solely in adults. Important studies have been carried out in developmental plasticity and critical periods, and suggested that neural systems, particularly sensory system, were highly plastic only during a relatively brief developmental time. Receptors are to a great extent either increase or decrease in number, affinity, or response and changes in synaptic regulation, neurotransmitters, local structure, potentiation, adaptability and modifying environment. Developmental plasticity in critical periods emerged from experiments in animals such as conducted in vision, and in humans models by those sensory stimulation systems among the most important. There are clear and consistent reorganizations of sensory maps following manipulation of sensory and other neural activities. In general, neural plasticity and brain recovery occur and functional gains continue for years after the lesion. The new technology to permit evaluation of strength and reliability of outcome measures, for in-vivo study of brain structure and physiologic functions consist of the studies of neuroimagen, cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and electric fields. Nevertheless, expression of neural plasticity and capacity of neurons to change their function, chemical profile, or structure are the new conceptual framework for contribution to brain restoration.


REFERENCES

  1. 1. Woods CJ, Salter MW. Neuronal plasticity: Increas-ing the gain in pain. Science 2000;288:1765-1768.

  2. 2. Galaburda AM. Introduction to special issue: Deve-lopmental plasticity and recovery of function. Neu-ropsychologia 1990;28:515-516.

  3. 3. Monville C. Brain plasticity, a star has emerged. Neuroreport 2001;12(nov):A89.

  4. 4. Kolb B, Whishaw IQ. Plasticity in the neocortex: Mechanisms underlying recovery from early brain damage. Prog Neurobiol 1989;32:235-276.

  5. 5. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN. Binocular interaction in striate cortex of kittens reared with artificial squint. J Neurophysiol 1965;26:994-1059.

  6. 6. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN. The period of susceptibility to the physiological effects of the unilateral eye closure in kittens. J Physiol 1970;206:419-436.

  7. 7. Weisel TN, Hubel DH. Comparison of the effects of unilateral and bilateral eye close on cortical unit responses in kittens. J Neurophysiol 1965;28: 1029- 1092.

  8. 8. Weisel TN. Postnatal development of the visual cortex and the influence of environment. Nature 1982;299:583-591.

  9. 9. Chow KL, Steward DL. Reversal of structural and functional effects of long-term visual deprivation. Exp Neurol 1972;34:409-433

  10. Cogan A, Madey J, Kaufman W, Holmlund G, Bach y Rita P. Long game as a rehabilitation device. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Systems and Devices for Disabled. Seattle WA: University of Washington; 1977. p. 187-188.

  11. Rosenzweig M. Animal model for the effects of brain lesions and for rehabilitation. En: Bach y Rita P, editors. Recovery of function: Theoretical consi-derations for brain injury rehabilitation. Bern, Switzerland: Hans Huber; 1980. p. 127-172.

  12. Taub E, Wolf SL. Constraint induced techniques to facilitate upper extremity use in stroke patients. Topics in Rehabilitation 1997;3:38-61.

  13. Bjorklund A, Stenevi U. Intracerebral neural im-plants: Neuronal implants and reconstruction of damage circuitries. Ann Rev Neurosci 1984;7:297-306.

  14. Bermúdez-Rattoni F, Fernández J, Sánchez MA, Aguilar Roblero R, Drucker-Colín R. Fetal brain transplants induce recuperation of taste aversion learning. Brain Res 1987;416:147-152.

  15. Bermúdez-Rattoni F, Ormsby CE, Escobar ML, Hernández-Echegaray E. The role of the insular cortex in the acquisition of long lasting memory for aversively motivated behavior. En: MacGaugh JL, Bermúdez-Rattoni-F, Prado-Alcalá RA, editors. Plasticity of the nervous system. Learning and memory. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associa-tes; 1993. p. 67-82.

  16. Madrazo I, Drucker-Colín R, Díaz V, Martínez Mata J, Forres C, Becerril JJ. Open microsurgical autograft of adrenal medulla to the right caudate nucleus in two patients with intractable Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 1987;316:831-834.

  17. Madrazo I, Franco-Bourland R, Ostrosky-Solís F. Neural transplantation (to adrenal, fetal nigral and fetal adrenal) in Parkinson’s disease the Mexican experience. Prog Brain Res 1990;82:593-602.

  18. Escobar ML, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Long-term potentiation in the insular cortex enhances condi-tioned taste aversion retention. Brain Res 2000; 852:208-212.

  19. Escobar LM, Alcocer I, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. In vivo effects of intracortical administration of NMDA an metabotrophic glutamate receptors antagonists on neocortical long-term potentiation and conditioned taste aversion. Behav Brain Res 2002;129:101-106.

  20. Lewis TL, Maurer D, Brent HP. Effect on perceptual development of visual deprivation during infancy. Br J Ophthalmol 1986;70:214-220.

  21. Assaf AA. The sensitive period transfer of fixation after occlusion for strabismus amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 1982;70:66-74.

  22. Feeney DM, González A, Law WA. Amphe-tamine, haloperidol and experience interact to affect rate of recovery after motor cortex injury. Science 1982;217:55-57.

  23. Romero-Apis D. Pérdida del ojo fijador en amblio-pía adulta. An Soc Mex Oftal 1982;56: 445-452.

  24. Feeney DM, Baron JC. Diaschisis. Stroke 1986; 17:817-830.

  25. Duncan PW, Lai SM. Stroke recovery. Topics in Rehabilitation 1977;4:51-58.

  26. Stein DG. Brain injury and theories of recovery. En: Goldstein L, editor. Restorative neurology: Advances in pharmacotherapy for recovery after stroke. Armonk, NY: Futura; 1998. p. 1-34.

  27. van-Heertum RL, Miller SH, Mosesson RE. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain imaging in neurologic disease. Radiol Clin N Am 1993;31:881-907.

  28. Fox PT, Miezin FM, Allman JM, Van Essenn DC, Raichle ME. Retinotopic organization of human visual cortex mapped with positron emission tomography. J Neurosci 1987;7:913-922.

  29. Tuton A, Wroe S, Trepte N, Fraser C, Lemon RN. Contralateral and ipsilateral EMG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation during recovery of arm an hand function after stroke. Electro-encefalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996;101:316-328.

  30. Balliet R. Facial paralysis and other neuro-muscular dysfunctions of the peripheral nervous system. En: Payton OD, editor. Manual of physical therapy. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1989. p. 175-213.

  31. Lipton SA, Katz SB. Neurotransmitter regulation of neuronal outgrowth, plasticity and survival. TINS 1989;12:265-270.

  32. Wanet-Defalque MC, Veraart C, De Volder A. High metabolic activity in the visual cortex of early blind human subjects. Brain Res 1988;446:369-373.

  33. Bach y Rita P. Tactile vision substitution: Past and future. Int J Neurosci 1983;19:29-36.

  34. Johannson RS, Vallbo AB. Tactile sensory coding in the glabrous skin of the human hand. Trends Neurosci 1983;6:27-32

  35. Ochoa J, Torebjork. Sensations evoked by intraneural microstimulation of single mechanoreceptor units innervating the human hand. J Physiol 1983;342: 633-654.

  36. Collins CC. Tactile television: Mechanical and electrical image projection. IEEE Trans Man-Machine Syst 1970;11:65-71.

  37. Pascual-Leone A, Torres F. Plasticity of the sensori-motor cortex representation of the reading finger in Braille. Brain 1993;16:39-52.

  38. Mazziotta JC. Mapping human brain activity in vivo. West J Med 1994;161:273-278.

  39. O’Leary DDM, Ruff NL, Dyck RH. Development, critical period plasticity, and adults reorganizations of mammalian somatosensory systems. Currents Biology 1994;4:535-544.

  40. Damasio H, Rezai K, Eslinger P, Kirchner P, van-Gilder J. SPECT patterns of activation in intact and focally damage components of a language-related network. Neurology 1986;36:316-321.

  41. Price C, Wise R, Howard D, Warburton E, et al. The role of right hemisphere in the recovery of lan-guage after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13:S520.

  42. Aguilar-Rebolledo F, Ruvalcaba-García C, Rayo-Mares D, Rojas JC. Síndrome de Rasmussen. Segui-miento de siete años. Aspectos relacionados con plasticidad cerebral en epilepsia. Rev Invest Clin 2002;54(3):209-217.

  43. Birn RM, Bandettini PA, Cox RW, Shaker R. Event-related fMRI of tasks involving brief motion. Human Brain Mapping 1999;7:106-114.

  44. Josephs O, Turner R, Friston K. Event-related fMRI. Human Brain Mapping 1997;5:243:-248.

  45. DeYoe EA, Bandettini P, Neitz J, Miller D, Winans P. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain. J Neurosci Methods 1994; 54:171-187.

  46. Marren S. Long term potentiation in the amygdala: A mechanism for emotional learning and memory. Trends Neurosci 1999;22(12):561-567.

  47. Martínez JL, Derrick BE. Long-term potentiation and learning. Annu Rev Psychol 1996;47:173-203.

  48. Aguilar-Rebolledo F. Avances en la restauración del sistema nervioso. México: Vicova Editors; 1994.

  49. Bates E, Thal D, Trauner D, Fenson J, Aram D, Eisele J, Nass R. From first words to grammar in children with focal brain lesions. Brain Lang 1990; 38:105-121.

  50. Buckner RL, Corbetta M, Schatz J, Raichle ME, Petersen SE. Preserved speech abilities and com-pensation following prefrontal damage. Proceed-ings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1996;93:1249-1253.

  51. Kraus JF, Roch A, Hemyari P. Brain injuries among infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. Am J Dis Children 1990; 144:684-691.

  52. Smith A, Sugar O. Development of above normal language and intelligence 21 years after left hemis-pherectomy. Neurology 1975;25:813-818

  53. Carr LJ, Harrison LM, Evans AL, Stephens JA. Patterns of central motor reorganization in hemi-plegic cerebral palsy. Brain 1993;116:1223-1247.

  54. Penfield W, Perot P. The brain’s record of auditory and visual experience. A final summary and dis-cussion. Brain 1983;86:595-696.

  55. Sabatini U, Toni D, Pantano P, Brughitta G, Padovani A, Bozza L, Lenzi LL. Motor recovery after early brain damage: A case of brain plasticity. Stroke 1994;25:514-517.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com