medigraphic.com

2009, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Anest 2009; 32 (2)

Pain in HIV/AIDS: A case report and literature review

Covarrubias-Gómez A, Gutiérrez-Salmerón C, Guevara-López U, Betancourt-Sandoval JA

Language: Spanish
References: 43
Page: 124-133
PDF size: 125.09 Kb.


ABSTRACT

It is estimated that the 0.6% of the world population suffers from HIV/AIDS (HIV; virus of human immunodeficiency; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). In Mexico, it is estimated that 0.3% of the adult population is affected by this disease. In AIDS patients, pain is one of the most commonly observed symptoms and its prevalence ranges from the 30% to the 90%. Pain treatment in these patients presents specific considerations, since the multiple clinical manifestations of the disease condition a wide range of painful syndromes. Despite the fact that the «analgesic stair proposed by the WHO» has been regarded as a useful tool for the analgesic approach, a high percentage of patients receives a deficient analgesia. The present article presents a clinical case about an atypical painful manifestation of the disease and a literature review about pain in HIV/AIDS patients.


REFERENCES

  1. UNAIDS/WHO «AIDS Epidemic Update: December 2006». UNAIDS. Geneva. Switzerland. 2006.

  2. CONASIDA. Panorama Epidemiológico del VIH/SIDA e ITS en México, 2006. [Fecha de consulta: 30 de Enero del 2008]. Disponible en Internet en: http://www.salud.gob.mx/conasida/

  3. Lefkowitz M. Pain management for the AIDS patient. J Fla Med Assoc 1996;83:701-704.

  4. Breitbart W. Pain in HIV disease. In: Bonica’s Management of Pain. Loeser JD (ed). Philadelphia. USA. 2001.

  5. Penfold J, Clark AJ. Pain syndromes in VIH infection. Can J Anesth 1992;39:724-730.

  6. Newshan GT, Wainapel SF. Pain characteristics and their management in persons with AIDS. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 1993;4:53-59.

  7. Slaven EM, Lopez F, Weintraub SL, Mena JC, Mallon WK. The AIDS patient with abdominal pain: A new challenge for the emergency physician. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2003;21:987-1015.

  8. Katz N. Neuropathic pain in cancer and AIDS. Clin J Pain 2000;16:S41-S48.

  9. Ownby KK. Effects of ice massage on neuropathic pain in persons with AIDS. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2006;17:15-22.

  10. Verma S, Estanislao L, Simpson D. HIV-associated neuropathic pain: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. CNS Drugs 2005;19:325-334.

  11. Lopez OL, Becker JT, Dew MA, Caldararo R. Risk modifiers for peripheral sensory neuropathy in HIV infection/AIDS. Eur J Neurol 2004;11:97-102.

  12. Berman A, Espinoza LR, Diaz JD, Aguilar JL, Rolando T, Vasey FB, Germain BF, Lockey RF. Rheumatic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med 1988;85:59-64.

  13. Vence DE. Arthritic pain, aging, and psychomotor decline in people with AIDS. Percept Mot Skills 2005;100:330-332.

  14. Josephine M, Issac E, George A, Ngole M, Albert SE. Patterns of skin manifestations and their relationships with CD4 counts among HIV/AIDS patients in Cameroon. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:280-284.

  15. Pitche P, Tchangaï-Walla K, Napo-Koura G, Mijiyawa M, Agbere A, Tatagan A. Prevalence of skin manifestations in AIDS patients in the Lome-Tokoin University Hospital (Togo). Sante 1995;5:349-352.

  16. Gomides MD, Berbert AL, Mantese SA, Rocha A, Ferreira MS, Borges AS. Skin diseases in patients with AIDS: study in 55 cases in Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2002;48:36-41.

  17. Melbye M, Grossman RJ, Goedert JJ, Eyster ME, Biggar RJ. Risk of AIDS after herpes zoster. Lancet 1987;1:728-731.

  18. Lemlich G, Schwam L, Lebwohl M. Kaposi’s sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Postmortem findings in twenty-four cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:319-325.

  19. Jensen BL, Weismann K, Sindrup JH, Søndergaard J, Schmidt K. Incidence and prognostic significance of skin disease in patients with HIV/AIDS: a 5-year observational study. Acta Derm Venereol 2000;80:140-143.

  20. Goldstein J. Headache and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Neurol Clin 1990;8:947-960.

  21. Fernández CC, Campoamor SM, García AFML. Primary esophageal lymphoma in a acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report. An Med Interna 2007;24:259-260.

  22. Sánchez MJ, Hernández GA, Sobrino CS, Lárraga OA, Sánchez BG, López BP, Elguero PE. Clinical manifestations and endoscopic characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2005;70:416-423.

  23. Uribe MR, Valdivia RM, Carrasco EJ. Gastrointestinal symptoms in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): A review of one hundred cases at «Arzobispo Loayza» hospital. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 1997;17:214-221.

  24. Bianchi C, Scamuzzi C, Mattioli FP. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with perianal localization in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report. Ann Ital Chir 1996;67:277-280.

  25. Lorenz HP, Wilson W, Leigh B, Schecter WP. Kaposi’s sarcoma of the rectum in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Surg 1990;160:681-682.

  26. Frich LM, Borgbjerg FM. Pain and pain treatment in AIDS patients: a longitudinal study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;19:339-347.

  27. Norval DA. Symptoms and sites of pain experienced by AIDS patients. S Afr Med J 2004;94:450-4.

  28. Tsao JC, Dobalian A, Stein JA. Illness burden mediates the relationship between pain and illicit drug use in persons living with HIV. Pain 2005;119:124-32.

  29. Savage SR. Assessment for addiction in pain-treatment settings. Clin J Pain 2002;18:S18-S38.

  30. Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Passik S, Kaim M, Funesti-Esch J, Stein K. A comparison of pain report and adequacy of analgesic therapy in ambulatory AIDS patients with and without a history of substance abuse. Pain 1997;72:235-243.

  31. Breitbart W, McDonald MV. Pharmacologic pain management in HIV/AIDS. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care 1996;2:17-26.

  32. Newshan G. Pain management in HIV and AIDS. GMHC Treat Issues 1995;9:10-12.

  33. Holzemer WL, Henry SB, Reilly CA. Assessing and managing pain in AIDS care: the patient perspective. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 1998;9:22-30.

  34. Kaplan R, Slywka J, Slagle S, Ries K. A titrated morphine analgesic regimen comparing substance users and non-users with AIDS related pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;19:265-273.

  35. Larue F, Fontaine A, Colleau SM. Underestimation and under treatment of pain in HIV disease: multicentre study. BMJ 1997;314:23-28.

  36. Nogueira ML, Oliveira AF, Araujo JG, Gallo MA, Fonseca JG, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PC, Kroon EG. PCR-based diagnosis of a case of herpetic whitlow in an AIDS patient. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1998;40:317-319.

  37. Robayna MG, Herranz P, Rubio FA, Peña P, Peña JM, González J, Casado M. Destructive herpetic whitlow in AIDS: report of three cases. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:812-815.

  38. Ormerod LD, Larkin JA, Margo CA, Pavan PR, Menosky MM, Haight DO, Nadler JP, Yangco BG, Friedman SM, Schwartz R, Sinnott JT. Rapidly progressive herpetic retinal necrosis: a blinding disease characteristic of advanced AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:34-45.

  39. Généreau T, Lortholary O, Bouchaud O, Lacassin F, Vinceneux P, De Truchis P, Jaccard A, Meynard JL, Verdon R, Sereni D, Marche C, Coulaud JP, Guillevin L. Herpes simplex esophagitis in patients with AIDS: report of 34 cases. The Cooperative Study Group on Herpetic Esophagitis in HIV Infection. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:926-931.

  40. Guevara-López U, Covarrubias-Gómez A, García-Ramos G, Hernández-Jiménez S; Grupo de Consenso para el Manejo del Dolor Neuropático. Parámetros de práctica para el manejo del dolor neuropático. Rev Invest Clin 2006;58:126-138.

  41. Ross S, Richardson MD, Graybill JR. Association between Malassezia furfur colonization and seborrhoeic dermatitis in AIDS patients. Mycoses 1994;37:367-370.

  42. Groisser D, Bottone EJ, Lebwohl M. Association of Pityrosporum orbiculare (Malassezia furfur) with seborrheic dermatitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:770-773.

  43. Massone L, Borghi S, Pestarino A, Piccini R, Solari G, Casini Lemmi M, Isola V. Seborrheic dermatitis in otherwise healthy patients and in patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome/AIDS-related complex: treatment with 1% bifonazole cream. Chemioterapia 1988;7:109-112.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com