2007, Number 4
<< Back Next >>
Rev Salud Publica Nutr 2007; 8 (4)
Presence of insulin resistance syndrome in mexican children of san luis potosi (Mexico).
Aradillas GC, Cruz ME, Hernández H, Calderón J, Quibrera R
Language: English
References: 115
Page: 7-9
PDF size: 105.54 Kb.
ABSTRACT
There are some studies reporting a reduction in the insulin sensitivity in Mexican-American young people with normal levels of glucose compared with White persons suggesting that insulin resistance began at
early ages in this group. Studies oriented to evaluate insulin sensitivity and lipoproteins levels are scarce and the majorities have been conducted in adults, mainly in Caucasian, African-American, Pima (group of
Native Americans) and Japanese. In children, only obese population has been studied. Another shortcoming is the small simple size of the studies. Because some parameters associated with insulin
resistance can be detected since childhood. The objective of this study was to quantify the levels of lipids in blood and anthropometric measurements associated with insulin resistance in Mexican children aged 6
to 13 years (n=494). The sample was selected by random from children attending public elementary schools. Blood samples were obtained to analyze glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and low and
high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL respectively). Also blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken. All the biochemical measurements were done by enzymatic methods, only for
insulin radioinmunoanalysis was conducted. Insensibility to insulin was measured by HOMA, the mean value of HOMA was higher in girls compared with boys (p‹0.01). For boys the proportion of insuline
resistance index with values above 3.36 was 25% in the age group of 10 to 13 years. An inverse correlation between insulin and HDL was observed (r = - 0.31, p‹0.001). And positive associations
between insulin and systolic blood pressure ( r = 0.35, p‹0.001), diastolic blood pressure ( r = 0.23, p‹ 0.001), triglycerides (r = 0.39, p‹0.001) and total cholesterol (r = 0.11, p =0.01). Our results shown the
early presence of parameters associated with the insulin resistance syndrome in children as observed in adults.
REFERENCES
Reaven GM. 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 37: 1495 –1607.
Reaven GM. 1991. Insulin resistance, hypeprinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension:parallels between human disease and rodent models. Diabetes Care. 14: 195 – 202.
De Fronzo RA and E Ferranini E. 1991. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care.14: 173 – 194.
Carg A, JH Helderman, M Koffler, R Ayuso,J Rosenstock and P Raskin 1988. Relationships between lipoprotein levels and in vivo insulin action in normal young white men. Metabolism. 37: 982 –987.
Orchard TJ, DJ Becker, M Bates, LH Kuller and AL Drash 1983. Plasma insulin and lipoprotein concentrations: an atherogenic association?. Am J. Epidemiol. 118: 326 – 337.
Depress JP 1993. The insulin resistance-dyslipidemia syndrome: the most prevalent cause of coronary artery disease? Can Med Assoc J. 148: 1339 – 1340.
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive summary of the Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II).2001. JAMA 285: 2486 – 2497.
Alberti KG and PZ Zimmet 1998. Definition,diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus: Provisional report of a WHO consultation: Diabet Med 15: 539 – 553.
American College of Endocrinology: 2003. Insulin Resistance Syndrome (Position Statement). EndocrPract 9 (Suppl 2):9-21.
Balkau B and MA Charles 1999The European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance(EGIR):Comment on the provisional report from WHO consultation (Letter).. Diabet Med 16: 442-443.
Rodríguez Moran M, B Salazar-Vázquez, R Violante and F Guerrero Romero 2004. Metabolic Syndrome Among Children and Adolescents Aged 10 – 18 Years. Diabetes Care 27 (10) 2516 – 2517.
Expert Panel on Detection, Op.cit.
Alberti KG and PZ Zimmet, Op.cit.
American College of Endocrinology, Op.cit.
Balkau B and MA Charles, Op.cit.
Rodríguez Moran M, et. al., Op.cit
Haffner SM, MP Stern, J Dunn, M Mobley, J Blakwell and RN Bergman 1990. Diminished insulin sensitivity and increased insulin response in non-obese, non-diabetic Mexican Americans. Metabolism 39:842-847.
Chen W, W Bao, S Begum, A Elkasabany, S Srinivasan and G Berenson 2000. Age- related patterns of the clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of syndrome X from chilhood to young adulthood in a population made up of black and white subjects the Bogalusa heart study. Diabetes. 49: 1042-1048.
Moran A, DR Jacobs, J Steinberger, CH-P Hong, R Prineas, R Luepker, AR Sinaiko 1999. Insulin resistance during puberty. Diabetes 2039 – 2044.
Batey LS, DC Goff, SR Tortolero, MZ Nichaman, W Chan, FA Chan, J Grunbaum, CL Hanis and DR Labarthe 1997. Summary measures of the insulin resistance syndrome are adverse among Mexican-Americans versus non-hispanic white children. The corpus Christi child heart study. Circulation 96 (12):4319 – 4325.
Kawasaki T, N Hashimoto, T Kikuchi, H Takahashi and M Uchiyama 1997. The relationship between fatty liver and hyperinsulinemia in obese Japanese children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology &Nutrition. 24 (3): 317 –321.
Steinberger J, C Moorehead, V Katch and A Rocchini 1995. Relationship between insulin resistance and abnormal lipid profile in obese adolescents. J. Pediatr. 126: 690-695.
Björntorp, P. 1996 The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans. Int J Obesity. 20: 291 –302.
Gower, B.A, TR Nagy and MI Goran 1999. Visceral fat, insulin sensitivity and lipids in prepuberal children. Diabetes. 48: 1515 – 1521.
American Diabetes Association 2000. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 105 (3) 671 –680.
Ortiz, R V. 2001. Obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 en el niño. Una nueva epidemia. Revista de Endocrinología y Nutrición 9 (2): 103 –106.
Amos AF, DJ Mc Carty and P Zimmet 1997. The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabet Med. 14 (Supp 5) s1 585.
Jing H, RE Aubert and WE Herman 1998. Global burden of diabetes 1995 – 2025. Prevalence numerical estimates and projections. Diabetes Care. 21: 1414 –31.
Aradillas C, H Hernández, E Tenório and R Quibrera 2000. Looking for the metabolic syndrome in Mexican children from San Luis Potosí. Diabetes Research and Clinical practice 50 (1):s 123-124.
Escalante-Carvajal E, E De la Cruz Mendoza, E Tenorio Govea, J Flores Sánchez, B Torres Rubalcaba y C Aradillas 2005. Historia Familiar de Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su asociación con resistencia a la insulina y componentes del síndrome metabólico en población infantil de San Luis Potosí. Bioquimia Supp A 30: 130.
Stahler F and W Gruber 1977. Practical enzymatic cholesterol determination. Med. Lab.30: 29 – 37.
Wahlefeld A.W. 1974. Methoden der enzimatischem Analyse 3a. edición, tomo II Verlag Chemie Weinheim.1878 pp.
Burstein M, HR Scholnick and R Morfin 1970. Rapid method for the isolation of lipoproteins from human serum by precipitation with polianions. J. lipid. Res. 11: 583 –595.
Friedwald WT, RI Levy and DS Fredickson 1972 Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.Clin Chem. 18: 499 – 502.
Yalow R.S.1971 Principles of competitive protein binding assays. Ed. W.D. Odell, W. H. Daugday. J.P.Lippincot, Philadelphya.
Matthews DR., JP Hosker, AS Rudensky, BA Naylor, DF Treacher and RC Turner 1985. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and B-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetología 28:412-419.
Rodríguez Moran M, et. al., Op.cit
Haffner SM, et. al., Op.cit
King H and M Rewers 1993. WHO Ad Hoc Diabetes Reporting Group. Global estimates for prevalence
of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Diabetes Care 16:157-177.
Rönnemaa T, M Krip and P Lautala 1991. Serum insulin and other cardiovascular risk indicators in
children, adolescent and young adults. Ann Med. 23: 63 – 72.
American College of Endocrinology, Op.cit.
Pérez-Méndez O, G Luc and C Posadas-Romero 2000. Concentraciones bajas de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (HDL) en plasma y enfermedad arterial coronaria. Arch Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 70: 312-321.
Aguilar-Salinas C.A., G Olaiz, V Valles, JM Ríos Torres, FJ Gómez-Pérez, JA Rull, R Rojas, A Franco and J Sepulveda 2001. High prevalence of low HDL colesterol concentrations and mixed hyperlipidemia in a Mexican nationwide survey. Journal of Lipid Research. 42: 1298 – 1306.
Moran A., et.al., Op.cit.
Batey LS, et.al., Op.cit.
Kawasaki T, et. al., Op.cit.
Cole JT, MC Bellizzi, KM Flegal and WH Dietz 2000. Establishing a standar definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320: 1 -6.
Reaven GM. 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 37: 1495–1607.
Reaven GM. 1991. Insulin resistance, hypeprinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension:parallels between human disease and rodent models. Diabetes Care. 14: 195–202.
De Fronzo RA and E Ferranini E. 1991. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care.14: 173–194.
Carg A, JH Helderman, M Koffler, R Ayuso,J Rosenstock and P Raskin 1988. Relationships between lipoprotein levels and in vivo insulin action in normal young white men. Metabolism. 37: 982–987.
Orchard TJ, DJ Becker, M Bates, LH Kuller and AL Drash 1983. Plasma insulin and lipoprotein concentrations: an atherogenic association?. Am J. Epidemiol. 118: 326–337.
Depress JP 1993. The insulin resistance-dyslipidemia syndrome: the most prevalent cause of coronary artery disease? Can Med Assoc J. 148: 1339–1340.
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive summary of the Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II).2001. JAMA 285: 2486–2497.
Alberti KG and PZ Zimmet 1998. Definition,diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus: Provisional report of a WHO consultation: Diabet Med 15: 539–553.
American College of Endocrinology: 2003. Insulin Resistance Syndrome (Position Statement). EndocrPract 9 (Suppl 2):9-21.
Balkau B and MA Charles 1999The European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance(EGIR):Comment on the provisional report from WHO consultation (Letter).. Diabet Med 16: 442-443.
Rodríguez Moran M, B Salazar-Vázquez, R Violante and F Guerrero Romero 2004. Metabolic Syndrome Among Children and Adolescents Aged 10–18 Years. Diabetes Care 27 (10) 2516–2517.
Expert Panel on Detection, Op.cit.
Alberti KG and PZ Zimmet, Op.cit.
American College of Endocrinology, Op.cit.
Balkau B and MA Charles, Op.cit.
Rodríguez Moran M, et. al., Op.cit
Haffner SM, MP Stern, J Dunn, M Mobley, J Blakwell and RN Bergman 1990. Diminished insulin sensitivity and increased insulin response in non-obese, non-diabetic Mexican Americans. Metabolism 39:842-847.
Chen W, W Bao, S Begum, A Elkasabany, S Srinivasan and G Berenson 2000. Age-related patterns of the clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of syndrome X from chilhood to young adulthood in a population made up of black and white subjects the Bogalusa heart study. Diabetes. 49: 1042-1048.
Moran A, DR Jacobs, J Steinberger, CH-P Hong, R Prineas, R Luepker, AR Sinaiko 1999. Insulin resistance during puberty. Diabetes 2039–2044.
Batey LS, DC Goff, SR Tortolero, MZ Nichaman, W Chan, FA Chan, J Grunbaum, CL Hanis and DR Labarthe 1997. Summary measures of the insulin resistance syndrome are adverse among Mexican-Americans versus non-hispanic white children. The corpus Christi child heart study. Circulation 96 (12):4319–4325.
Kawasaki T, N Hashimoto, T Kikuchi, H Takahashi and M Uchiyama 1997. The relationship between fatty liver and hyperinsulinemia in obese Japanese children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition. 24(3): 317–321.
Steinberger J, C Moorehead, V Katch and A Rocchini 1995. Relationship between insulin resistance and abnormal lipid profile in obese adolescents. J. Pediatr. 126: 690-695.
Björntorp, P. 1996 The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans. Int J Obesity. 20: 291–302.
Gower, B.A, TR Nagy and MI Goran 1999. Visceral fat, insulin sensitivity and lipids in prepuberal children. Diabetes. 48: 1515–1521.
American Diabetes Association 2000. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 105 (3) 671–680.
Ortiz, R V. 2001. Obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 en el niño. Una nueva epidemia. Revista de Endocrinología y Nutrición 9 (2): 103–106.
Amos AF, DJ Mc Carty and P Zimmet 1997. The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabet Med. 14 (Supp 5) s1 585.
Jing H, RE Aubert and WE Herman 1998. Global burden of diabetes 1995–2025. Prevalence numerical estimates and projections. Diabetes Care. 21: 1414–31.
Aradillas C, H Hernández, E Tenório and R Quibrera 2000. Looking for the metabolic syndrome in Mexican children from San Luis Potosí. Diabetes Research and Clinical practice 50 (1):s 123-124.
Escalante-Carvajal E, E De la Cruz Mendoza, E Tenorio Govea, J Flores Sánchez, B Torres Rubalcaba y C Aradillas 2005. Historia Familiar de Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su asociación con resistencia a la insulina y componentes del síndrome metabólico en población infantil de San Luis Potosí. Bioquimia Supp A 30: 130.
Stahler F and W Gruber 1977. Practical enzymatic cholesterol determination. Med. Lab.30: 29–37.
Wahlefeld A.W. 1974. Methoden der enzimatischem Analyse 3a. edición, tomo II Verlag Chemie Weinheim. 1878 pp.
Burstein M, HR Scholnick and R Morfin 1970. Rapid method for the isolation of lipoproteins from human serum by precipitation with polianions. J. lipid. Res. 11: 583–595.
Friedwald WT, RI Levy and DS Fredickson 1972 Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.Clin Chem. 18: 499–502.
Yalow R.S.1971 Principles of competitive protein binding assays. Ed. W.D. Odell, W. H. Daugday. J.P.Lippincot, Philadelphya.
Matthews DR., JP Hosker, AS Rudensky, BA Naylor, DF Treacher and RC Turner 1985. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and B-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetología 28:412-419.
Rodríguez Moran M, et. al., Op.cit
Haffner SM, et. al., Op.cit
King H and M Rewers 1993. WHO Ad Hoc Diabetes Reporting Group. Global estimates for prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Diabetes Care 16:157-177.
Rönnemaa T, M Krip and P Lautala 1991. Serum insulin and other cardiovascular risk indicators in children, adolescent and young adults. Ann Med. 23: 63–72.
American College of Endocrinology, Op.cit.
Pérez-Méndez O, G Luc and C Posadas-Romero 2000. Concentraciones bajas de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (HDL) en plasma y enfermedad arterial coronaria. Arch Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 70: 312-321.
Aguilar-Salinas C.A., G Olaiz, V Valles, JM Ríos Torres, FJ Gómez-Pérez, JA Rull, R Rojas, A Franco and J Sepulveda 2001. High prevalence of low HDL colesterol concentrations and mixed hyperlipidemia in a Mexican nationwide survey. Journal of Lipid Research. 42: 1298–1306.
Moran A., et.al., Op.cit.
Batey LS, et.al., Op.cit.
Kawasaki T, et. al., Op.cit.
Cole JT, MC Bellizzi, KM Flegal and WH Dietz 2000. Establishing a standar definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320: 1-6.
Full text