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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2008, Number 6

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2008; 65 (6)

Neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal modulators of appetite and satiety

Calzada-León R, Altamirano-Bustamante N, Ruiz-Reyes ML

Language: Spanish
References: 133
Page: 468-487
PDF size: 190.42 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The modulators that diminish appetite and increase metabolic calorie needs at hypothalamus level are synthesized in different tissues: gastrointestinal system (glucagons-like peptide-1, pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, cholecystokinin and oxyntomodulin), the endocrine system (insulin, beta effects of adrenalin, and estrogens), adipose tissue (leptin, visfatin and omentin-1), peripheral nervous system (noradrenaline beta effects) and central nervous system (corticotropin released hormone, melanocortin, agouti protein, cocacine-amphetamine-regulated transcript and MCH). Those factors increasing appetite and lower basal metabolism comes from gastrointestinal system (ghrelin and growth hormone release hormone from pancreas), and central nervous system (neuropeptide Y, orexins and cannabinoids). In the hypothalamus, the neural and neuroendocrine afferents are integrated with the purpose of regulate appetite (hunger or satiety signals), and metabolic needs (increasing or decreasing basal metabolism and brown adipose tissue thermoregulation efficacy) according to body energy balance. The arcuate nucleus contains 2 main cellular systems: one rich in proopiomelanocortin (precursor of alpha melanocytes stimulating hormone and agonist of melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors), which decreases appetite, and other rich in neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide which increase appetite.


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