Arjona-Villicaña RD, Gómez-Díaz RA, Aguilar-Salinas CA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 488-501
Archivo PDF: 170.37 Kb.

RESUMEN

El síndrome metabólico es el concepto clínico que integra los mecanismos mediante los cuales la acumulación de grasa intra-abdominal y la resistencia a la insulina participan en la génesis de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la aterosclerosis y otros procesos degenerativos (ej. deterioro cognitivo, neoplasias, esteatohepatitis no alcohólica). Su prevalencia ha aumentado en todas las sociedades occidentales; en paralelo, ha disminuido su edad de aparición, hecho que se relaciona con el aumento en la prevalencia de obesidad infantil. Sin embargo, su identificación en edades pediátricas es motivo de controversia, ya que existe poca evidencia que ligue los componentes conocidos del síndrome metabólico en adultos, con desenlaces cardiovasculares o metabólicos en la infancia o en la adolescencia. Existen varias definiciones que emplean puntos de corte y componentes distintos, situación que ocasiona confusión en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Por otro lado, los puntos de corte de las diferentes variables del síndrome metabólico, basados en poblaciones de países desarrollados, frecuentemente no se ajustan a la realidad de los países en vías de desarrollo. Ambas situaciones dificultan la obtención de datos epidemiológicos fidedignos, respecto a la magnitud del problema. En este documento se revisan las fortalezas y debilidades de los criterios diagnósticos del síndrome metabólico en edades pediátricas.

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