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Órgano Oficial del Hospital Angeles Health System

2004, Number 1

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Acta Med 2004; 2 (1)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Review of current knowledge

Higuera RF, Pella CVM

Language: Spanish
References: 45
Page: 37-44
PDF size: 78.87 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been known for many years. Millions of persons throughout the world are affected; however, few patients benefit from adequate and timely treatment. The majority of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry experts know that the most studied psychiatric pathology of minors is this disorder, and that in clinical practice with children, adolescents, and adults ADHD is present with diverse comorbility. Thus, the clinician should know more concerning the diagnostic and therapeutic complexity of this disorder. Recent studies showed that ADHD possesses strong genetic heterogeneity and environmental influences, and that it is associated with deterioration in the cognitive functions that are essential, consistent, and effective for social, school, work, and family adaptation and for interpersonal relations. Severity of the deterioration can cause chronic frustration and inability to finish studies and to maintain a job or an interpersonal relationship. Current investigations have recognized that symptoms of inattention are associated with executive function problems, which play an important role in the integration and regulation of mental functions. Comorbility is present at the rate of 50% in persons with ADHD; affective disorders, substance abuse disorders, learning disabilities, and behavioral disorders can mask the symptoms of ADHD. Prognosis is reserved; a high level of patients with ADHD can evolve to the adult level. The clinician who carrys out evaluation and treatment should be aware of the complexity of the disorder as well as of its comorbility and its consequences for treatment and educative interventions. In this article, we attempted to review recent knowledge concerning epidemiologic data and current investigations on causes and clinical characteristics by age group and treatments of ADHD.


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