Bouda J, Paasch ML, Yabuta OA

Language: English/Spanish
References: 26
Page: 189-195
PDF size: 601.19 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Ruminal and metabolic disorders very frequently occur in a subclinic form without any manifestations of clinical signs, but milk production may fall 10-25%. In the course of these disorders, biochemical changes appear in ruminal fluid and urine in greater degree than in blood, and therefore, it is possible to use simple and low cost equipment for diagnosis in field conditions. A preventive diagnostic method was developed to detect ruminal and metabolic disorders in cattle. This diagnosis method consists of anamnesis, a clinical examination of the animals, analyses of ruminal fluid, urine, milk, blood and tissues. Regarding the diagnosis in field conditions, it is important to follow organoleptic tests to determine pH by a portable pH-meter, and to test the activity of the microflora by the oxide-reduction of methylene blue in the rumen fluid. Determination of proteins (by sulphosalicylic acid), pH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, hemoglobin/blood, by using urine test strips, are important procedures to analyze the urine. It is also convenient to determine the urea in blood plasma or milk, as well as mineral levels in plasma (inorganic P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Se). Other tests like biochemical and hematological parameters are also indicated. By means of the equipment for collection and analyses of ruminal fluid and urine,veterinarians can diagnose sixteen different metabolic and ruminal diseases in a subclinic or clinic form within 15 minutes in field conditions. This equipment is also used for the control and optimization of feeding rations. This preventive diagnosis method of metabolic disorders was employed in 3 different dairy large units. Subclinical ruminal acidosis in the 1st farm, and subclinical ketosis with subclinical ruminal alkalosis in the 2nd farm were diagnosed by analysing the ruminal fluid and urine directly in field conditions. Elevated levels of urea and increased activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in blood plasma, including decreased blood plasma levels of Cu, were causes of infertility in cows in the 3rd farm.

REFERENCES

1. Blood, D.C., Radostits, O.M., Arundel, J.H. and Gay, C.C.: Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 7th ed. Bailliere Tindall, London, U.K., 1989.

2. Bouda, J., Dvorak, R. a Doubek, J.: Diagnostika, Lécba a Prevence vybranych Onemocneni trávicího Ustrojí a nejvyznamnejsích metabolickych Poruch u Skotu. Medicus Veterinarius, Brno, República Checa, 1993.

3. Bouda, J. and Jagos, P.: Acid-base disorders in farm animals. In: Metabolic Disorders and their Prevention in Farm Animals. Edited by: Vrzgula, L., 248-268. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991.

4. Bouda, J., Jagos, P., Dvorak, R. a Hofírek, B.: Dynamika acidobazickych zmen v prubehu akutní acidózy u skotu. Vet. Med. (Praha), 22: 273-280 (1977).

5. Bouda, J., Paasch, M.L., Dvorak, R, Yabuta, O.A.K. y Doubek, J.: Portable equipment for collection and analysis of ruminal fluid and urine, for diagnosis and treatment of ruminal and metabolic diseases. Proceedings of the XIXth World Buiatrics Congress. Edinburgh, Scotland. 1996. 248. British Cattle Veterinary Association. The Green Frampton on Severn, U.K. (1996).

6. Bouda, J., Paasch, M.L., Dvorak, R., Yabuta, O.A.K., Doubek, J. y Jardón.H.S.G.: Equipo portátil para obtener y analizar el líquido ruminal y orina. Centro para la Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. La patente registrada el 1o de marzo de 1996, No. de expediente 960808 ante el Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial.

7. Bouda, J., Paasch, M.L., Yabuta, O.A.K. y Quiroz, R.G.: Nuevos aspectos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de trastornos metabólicos en el bovino. Memorias del XIX Congreso Nacional de Buiatría. Torreón, México. 1995. 175-179. Asociación Mexicana de Médicos Veterinarios Especialistas en Bovinos. México, D.F. (1995).

8. Dirksen, G.: Indigestions in Cattle. Schnetztor Verlag, Konstanz, Germany, 1983.

9. Giesecke, D.: Metabolische Leistungen bei Kühen. Monatshefte Vet. Med., 46: 531-535 (1991).

10. Jagos, P., Bouda, J., Dvorak, R., Jurajdová, J. a Illek, J.: Chronická metábolická acidóza u dojnic. Vet. Med. (Praha), 22: 143-151 (1977).

11. Jagos, P., Bouda, J. a Kudlac, E.: Skot-zdravotní Problematika Velkochovu. SZN, Praha, 1975.

12. Jagos, P., Bouda, J. a Kudlac, E.: Diagnostika, Terapie a Prevence Onemocnení Skotu. SZN, Praha, 1985.

13. Jagos, P. and Dvorák, R.: Metabolic disorders of the processes in the rumen. In: Metabolic Disorders and their Prevention in Farm Animals. Edited by: Vrzgula, L., 273-302. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991.

14. Jagos, P. and Illek, J.: A system of preventive diagnosis of the metabolic disorders in cattle. In: Metabolic Disorders and their Prevention in Farm Animals. Edited by: Vrzgula, L., 371-384. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991.

15. Lee, A.J.: Blood metabolic profiles: Their use and relationship to nutritional status of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 61: 1652-1656 (1978).

16. Littledike, E.T.: Common metabolic diseases of cattle: Ketosis, milk fever, grass tetany and Downer cow complex. J. Dairy Sci, 64: 1465-1482 (1981).

17. Oetzel, G.R. and Berger, L.L.: Protein-energy malnutrition in domestic ruminants. Part 1. Predisposing factors and patho- physiology. Comp. cont. Educ pract. Vet., 7: 672-679 (1985).

18. Oetzel, G.R and Berger, L.L.: Protein-energy malnutrition in domestic ruminants. Part 2. Diagnosis, treatments and prevention. Comp. cont. Educ pract. Vet., 8: 16-21 (1986).

19. Paasch, M.L., Bouda, J., Velazquez, O.V. and Candanosa, A.E.: Subclinical ruminal acidosis and associated pathological findings in dairy cows. Proceedings of the XIXth World Buiatrics Congress. Edinburgh, Scotland. 1996. 361-363. British Cattle Veterinary Association. The Green Frampton on Severn, U.K. (1996).

20. Payne, J.M. and Payne, S.: The Metabolic Profile Test. Oxford University Press, New York, 1987.

21. Rings, M.D. and Rings, M.B.: Rumen fluid analysis. Agri-Practice, 14: 26-29 (1993).

22. Rosenberger, G.: Die klinische Untersuchung des Rindes. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Deutschland, 1977.

23. Underwood, W.J.: Rumen lactic acidosis. Part 2. Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Comp. cont. Educ. Pract. Vet., 14: 1265-1270 (1992).

24. Vrzgula, L.: Metabolic Disorders and their Prevention in Farm Animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991.

25. Wentink, G.H.: Nutrition, metabolic diseases and immunity in dairy cows. Proceedings of the XIXth World Buiatrics Congress. Edinburgh, Scotland. 1996. 337-340. British Cattle Veterinary Associations. The Green Frampton on Severn, U.K. (1996).

26. Yabuta , O.A. y Bouda, J.: Cetosis e hígado graso. Memorias del Curso Internacional en el Diagnóstico de las Enfermedades más Comunes de los Bovinos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, México, D.F. 1996. 74-82. Fac. de Med. Vet y Zoot. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México, D.F. (1996).