Martínez RJ

Language: Spanish
References: 21
Page: 106-110
PDF size: 94.14 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Two hypothesis on the cause of heart failure (HF) have been postulated, one of hemodynamic character and another one of neurohormonal nature. According to the second one, HF is consequence of the overactivity of endogenous endocrine systems such as the renin-angiotensin aldosterone or the autonomic system. Angiotensin-II blockage is actually the first option in the medical treatment of HF. Since it reduces cardiac and vascular remodelation, synthesis of collagen and improves the endothelial function. Preceding to this option one can find the use of beta adrenergic blochers. Recently it was discovered that atrial myocardium liberates, in response to stretching, several peptides with natriuretic properties, specially one denominated B. Such compound has utility in the treatment of decompensated heart failure exclusively in hospitalized patients.

REFERENCES

1. Guidelines Sub-Committee: 1993 Guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: memorandum from a World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension meeting. J Hypertens 1993; 11: 905-918.

2. Velazquez MO, Rosas PM, Lara EA, Pastelin G. ENSA 2000, Attie F, Conyer T: Prevalencia e interrelación de las Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles y Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular en México. Arch Cardiol Mex 2003; 73: 62-77.

3. Rosas PM, Lara EA, Pastelin G, Velazquez MO, Martinez Reding J, Mendez OA, et al: Re-encuesta Nacional de Hipertensión Arterial (RENAHTA): Consolidación Mexicana de los Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular. Cohorte Nacional de Seguimiento. Arch Cardiol Mex 2005; 75: 96-111.

4. Lenfant C: Reflections of hypertension control rates. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 131-132.

5. Packer M: The Neurohormonal Hypothesis: A Theory to Explain the Mechanism of Disease Progression in Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 248-254.

6. Fink LI, Wilson JR, Ferraro N: Exercise ventilation and pulmonary wedge pressure in chronic stable congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 249-253.

7. Cohn JN: Vasodilator therapy for heart failure: the influence of impedance on left ventricular performance. Circulation 1973; 48: 5-8.

8. Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, Franciosa JA, Harston WE, Tristani FE, et al: Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1547-1552.

9. Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ: Effect of oral milrinona on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1468-1475.

10. Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB: Randomized, double-bind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal study of digoxin in patients with chronic heart failure trated with converting-enzyme inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19 (suppl A): 260 A.

11. Schrier R, Abraham W: Hormones and Hemodynamics in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 577-585.

12. The CONSENSUS trial Study Group. Efects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Eng J Med 1987; 316: 1429-1435.

13. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302.

14. Cohn JN, Jhonson G, Ziesche S: A comparison of enalapril with hydralazina-isosorbide dinitrate in the tratment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 303-310.

15. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH: ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for de diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 1116-1143.

16. Schwartz BM, Sackner-Bernstein J: Which patients with chronic heart failure are most likely to show hemodynamic and functional improvement following beta-blockade? J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19(suppl A): 341 A.

17. Burnett JC, Kao PC, Hu DC, Heser DW, Heublein D, Granger JP, et al: Atrial natriuretic peptide elevation in congestive heart failure in the human. Science 1986; 231: 1145-1147.

18. Wei CM, Heublein DM, Perrella MA, Lerman A, Rodeheffer RJ, Burnett JC: Natriuretic peptide system in human heart failure. Circulation 1993; 88; 1004-1009. J Hypertens 1999; 17(suppl 1): S37-S43.

19. Abraham WT, Lowes BD, Ferguson DA: Systemic hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and renal effects of a steady-state infusion of human brain natriuretic peptide in patients with hemodynamically decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail 1998; 4: 37-44.

20. Sakner-Bernstein JD, Skopicki HA, Aaronson KD: Risk of worsening renal function with neseritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Circulation 2005; 111: 1487-1491.

21. Sakner-Bernstein JD, Kowalski M, Fox M, Aaronson K: Short-term risk of death after treatment with neseritide for decompensated heart failure pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2005; 293: 1900-1905.