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2006, Number 6

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Gac Med Mex 2006; 142 (6)

West Nilus virus: A reality in Mexico.

Téllez I, Calderón O, Franco-Paredes C, Río C

Language: Spanish
References: 57
Page: 493-499
PDF size: 56.29 Kb.


ABSTRACT

West Nile virus (WNV) is a RNA virus of the Flaviridae, genus flavivirus family. It is a neuropathogenic virus causing disease in birds, horses and humans. WNV is transmitted by the vector mosquito Culex sp. The virus life’s cycle includes mosquitoes as vectors and birds as natural hosts. Humans are accidental hosts.
Since the introduction of the Epidemiological Surveillance Program at the Ministry of Health, we have documented 90 positive test results among birds out of 1,223 cases studied in Mexico as of September 15, 2005.
The incubation period in humans after a mosquito bite ranges from 3 to 14 days. Disease is characterized by early onset fever, general malaise, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, headaches, myalgias, enlarged lymph nodes and rash. Neurological manifestations include encephalitis and flaccid paralysis, which are present in less than 1% of subjects infected with WNV. Older patients display more adverse outcomes including death. The diagnosis is made by the determination of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid.
There is no antiviral treatment to date against WNV but interferon ?2b, and WNV specific-immunoglobulin have been used. Prevention is therefore the key to control the infection.


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