2006, Number 2
<< Back Next >>
Otorrinolaringología 2006; 51 (2)
Rhinology and sense of smell
Montes de Oca RD, Montes de Oca FE
Language: Spanish
References: 52
Page: 82-86
PDF size: 218.36 Kb.
ABSTRACT
It has been mentioned the importance of the sense of smell in contrast with the lack of attention of the general population, and particularly of the otolaryngologysts. We mention the difficulties of its clinical study; however, we insist in the changes of smell secondary to the esthetic and functional surgery of the nose and to all kinds of pathological processes of the nose, which originates the conductive disturbances of the smell. The clinical study of the nose is incomplete if smell study is not included. Hyposmia is one of the initial symptoms, almost always present in the neurodegenerative pathology, these are the perceptive smell disorders. Diagnosis and treatment in this pathology must be done by an otolaryngologyst, and must be prepared for that.
REFERENCES
Santos DV, Eiter ER, DiNardo LJ, et al. Hazardous events associated with impaired olfactory function. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130(3):317-9.
Einstein A. Ideas & opinions. New York: Wings Books, 2001;p:41.
Fuller GN, Burger PC. Nervus terminalis (cranial nerve zero) in the adult human. Clin Neuropathol 1990;9:279-83.
Bhatnagar KP, Smith TD. The human vomeronasal organ: part V. An interpretation of its discovery by Ruysch, Jacobson, or Kolliker, with an English translation of Kolliker (1877). Anatomical Record. New Anatomist. 2003;270(1):4-15.
Bhatnagar KP, Smith TD, Winstead W. The human vomeronasal organ: part IV. Incidence, topography, endoscopy, and ultrastructure of the nasopalatine recess, nasopalatine fossa, and vomeronasal organ. Am J Rhinol 2002;16(6):343-50.
Smith TD, Buttery TA, Bhatnagar KP, Burrows AM, et al. Anatomical position of the vomeronasal organ in postnatal humans. Ann Anat 2001;183(5):475-9.
Takami S. Recent progress in the neurobiology of the vomeronasal organ. Microsc Res Tech 2002;8(3):228-50.
Won J, Mair EA, Bolger WE, Conran RM. The vomeronasal organ: an objective anatomic analysis of its prevalence. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79(8):600-5.
Witt M, Knecht M, Kasper M, Hummel T. Characterization of the adult human vomeronasal organ using immunohistochemical and electrophysiological measures. Chem Senses 2000;25:668.
Buck A, Axel R. Novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell 1991;65(1):175-87.
Axel R. Brain and mind. Scents and sensibility towards molecular logic perception. Columbia University Conference, 2004.
Montes de Oca E, Arch E, Montes de Oca D. Estudio morfológico comparativo de la nariz de animales de laboratorio. Ann Soc Mex ORL 1993;37:79-82.
Gaillard I, Rouquier S, Pin JP, Mollard P, et al. A single olfactory receptor specifically binds a set of odorant molecules. Eur J Neurosci 2002;15(3):409-11.
Royet JP, Koenig O, Gregoire MC, et al. Functional anatomy of perceptual and semantic processing for odors. J Cogn Neurosci 1999;11(1):94-109.
Zhao K, Scherer PW, Hajiloo SA, Dalton P. Effect of anatomy on human nasal airflow and odorant transport patterns: implications for olfaction. Chem Senses 2004;29(5):365-79.
Sobel J, et al. Nature. Macmillan Magazines Ltd, 1999;pp:402-5.
Heliman S, Sttrehle G, Rosenheim K, Damm M, Hummel T. Clinical assessment of retronasal olfactory function. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;128(4):414-8.
Doty RL, Smith R, McKeown DA, Raj J. Tests of human olfactory function: principal components analysis suggests that most measure a common source of variance. Percept Psychophys 1994;56:701-7.
Doty RL, Shaman P, Kimelman ChP, et al. University of Pennsylvania smell identification test: a rapid quantitative olfactory function test for the clinic. Laryngoscope 1984;94:176-8.
Robson AK, Woollons AC, Ryan J, et al. Validation of the combined olfactory test. Clin Otolaryngol 1996;21:512-8.
Tsukatani T, Reiter E, Miwa T, Costanzo R. Comparison of diagnostic findings using different olfactory test methods. Laryngoscope 2005;115(6):1114-7.
Aufforman H, Gerull G, Matthe F, et al. Olfactory evoked potentials and contingent negative variation simultaneously recorded for diagnosis of smell disorders. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1993;102:6-10.
Ikeda K, Tabata K, Oshima T, et al. Unilateral examination of olfactory threshold using the Jet Stream Olfactometer. Auris Nasus Larynx 1999;26(4):435-9.
Levy LM, Henkin RI, Lin CS, Finley A. Rapid imaging of olfaction by functional MRI (fMRI): identification of presence and type of hyposmia. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999;23(5):767-75.
Damm M, Becke lHE, Jungehulsing M, Hummel T. Olfactory changes at threshold and suprathreshold levels following septoplasty with partial inferior turbinectomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2003;112(1):91-97.
Briner HR, Simmer L, Jones N. Impaired sense of smell in patients with nasal surgery. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2003;28(5):417-21.
Lopes G, Jankowski R. Anosmia following superior turbinate resection. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol 2004;125(3):189-91.
Durr J, Lindemann J, Keck T. Sense of smell before and after functional esthetic rhinoplasty. HNO 2002;50(7):626-9.
Hornung D, Donald A. Relationship between uninasal anatomy and uninasal olfactory ability. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;125(1):53-58.
Goldwyn KM, Shore S. The effect of submucous resection and rhinoplasty on the sense of smell. Plast Reconstr Surg 1968;41:427-32.
Kittel G, Waller G. Smell improvement effect of Cottle’s operation. Laryngol Rhinol Otol 1973;52:280-4.
Temmel AF, Quint C, Schickinger-Fischer B, et al. Characteristics of olfactory disorders in relation to major causes of olfactory loss. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;128(6):635-41.
Kern RC, Conley DB, Haines GK, Robinson AM. Pathology of the olfactory mucosa. Implications for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. Laryngoscope 2004;114(2):279-85.
Murphy C, Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, et al. Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults. JAMA 2002;288(18):2307-12.
Conley DB, Robinson AM, Shinners MJ, Kern MC. Age-related olfactory dysfunction: cellular and molecular characterization in the rat. Am J Rhinol 2003;17(3):169-75.
36. Doty RL, Mishra A. Influences of nasal obstruction, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis on the ability to smell. Laryngoscope 2001;111:409-23.
Apter AJ, Gent JF, Frank ME. Fluctuating olfactory sensitivity and distorted odor perception in allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;125(9):1005-10.
Van Dam FS, Hilgers FJ, Emsbroek G, et al. Deterioration of olfaction and gustation as a consequence of total laryngectomy. Laryngoscope 1999;109(7 Pt 1):1150-5.
Renzi G, Carboni A, Gasparini G, Perugini M, Becelli R. Taste and olfactory disturbances after upper and middle third facial fractures: a preliminary study. Ann Plast Surg 2002;48(4):355-8.
Dalton P. Title olfaction and anosmia in rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2004;4(3):230-6.
Henderson JM, Lu Y, Wang S, Cartwright H, Halliday GM. Olfactory deficits and sleep disturbances in Parkinson’s disease: a case-control survey. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74(7):956-8.
Connelly T, Farmer JM, Lynch DR, Doty RL. Olfactory dysfunction in degenerative ataxias. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74(10):1435-7.
43. Frye RE, Schwartz BS, Doty RL. Dose-related effects of cigarette smoking on olfactory function. JAMA 1990;263:1233-6.
44. Attems J, Lintner F, Jellinger KA. Olfactory involvement in aging and Alzheimer’s disease: an autopsy study. J Alzheimers Dis 2005;7(2):149- 57.
45. Doty RL, Mishra A. Influences of nasal obstruction, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis on the ability to smell. Laryngoscope 2001;111:409-23.
46. Doty RL, Golbe LI, McKeown DA, et al. Olfactory testing differentiates between progressive supranuclear palsy and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1993;43:962-5.
Ship JA, Weiffenbach JM. Age, gender, medical treatment, and medication effects on smell identification. J Gerontol 1996;48:26-32.
Seiden AM, Duncan HJ. The diagnosis of a conductive olfactory loss. Laryngoscope 2001;111(1):9-14.
Golding-Wood DG, Holmstrom M, Darby Y, Scadding GK, Lund VJ. The treatment of hyposmia with intranasal steroids. J Laryngol Otol 1996;110:132-5.
Stevens MH. Steroid-dependent anosmia. Laryngoscope 2001;111(2):200-3.
Heilmann S, Huettenbrink KB, Hummel T. Local and systemic administration of corticosteroids in the treatment of olfactory loss. Am J Rhinol 2004;18(1):29-33.
Heilmann S, Just T, Goktas O, et al. Effects of systemic or topical administration of corticosteroids and vitamin B in patients with olfactory loss. Laryngol Rhinol Otol 2004;83(11):729-34.