Gress-Mendoza AE, Cumplido-Pulido L

Language: Spanish
References: 21
Page: 283-286
PDF size: 214.50 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Post-operative pain is one of the main causes of chronic pain, and it is the most representative form of acute pain that can be debilitating, reduce the standard of living, and generate economic implications. When patients undergo a craniotomy, they could face severe consequences such as increased blood pressure, tachycardia, intracranial hypertension, agitation, and chronic cephalgia, which can lead to an increase in mortality. Post-craniotomy pain falls into the moderate to critical category; thus, the anesthesiologist requires the knowledge and skill to achieve adequate pain control during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative periods without interfering with the patient's neurological status. This literature mini-review informs us about the different options available to prevent post-craniotomy pain, such as medications like acetaminophen, nonsteroidal analgesics, gabapentinoids, and dexmedetomidine, among others, or even invasive procedures such as scalp block, which aim to provide analgesia during and after the surgery procedure.

REFERENCES

1. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33:629-808. IHS Classification ICHD-3. Available in: https://ichd-3.org

2. Galvin IM, Levy R, Day AG, Gilron I. Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2019:CD011931.

3. Tsaousi G, Logan S, Bilotta F. Postoperative pain control following craniotomy: a systematic review of recent clinical literature. Pain Pract. 2017;17:968-981.

4. Roberts GC. Postcraniotomy analgesia: current practices in British neurosurgical centres—a survey of postcraniotomy analgesic practices. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2005;22:328-332.

5. Osborn I, Sebeo J. "Scalp block" during craniotomy: a classic technique revisited. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2010;22:187-194.

6. Krauss P, Marahori NA, Oertel MF, Barth F, Stieglitz LH. Better hemodynamics and less antihypertensive medication: comparison of scalp block and local infiltration anesthesia for skull-pin placement in awake deep brain stimulation surgery. World Neurosurg. 2018;120:e991-e999.

7. Artime CA, Aijazi H, Zhang H, Syed T, Cai C, Gumbert SD, et al. Scheduled intravenous acetaminophen improves patient satisfaction with postcraniotomy pain management: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2018;30:231-236.

8. Dunn LK, Naik BI, Nemergut EC, Durieux ME. Post-craniotomy pain management: beyond opioids. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2016;16:93.

9. Hassani E, Mahoori A, Sane S, Tolumehr A. Comparison the effects of paracetamol with sufentanil infusion on postoperative pain control after craniotomy in patients with brain tumor. Adv Biomed Res. 2015;4:64.

10. Potters JW, Klimek M. Local anesthetics for brain tumor resection: current perspectives. Local Reg Anesth. 2018;11:1-8.

11. Akhigbe T, Zolnourian A. Use of regional scalp block for pain management after craniotomy: review of literature and critical appraisal of evidence. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;45:44-47.

12. Molnár L, Simon É, Nemes R, Fülesdi B, Molnár C. Postcraniotomy headache. J Anesth. 2014;28:102-111.

13. Lee EJ, Lee MY, Shyr MH, et al. Adjuvant bupivacaine scalp block facilitates stabilization of hemodynamics in patients undergoing craniotomy with general anesthesia: a preliminary report. J Clin Anesth. 2006;18:490-494.

14. Geze S, Yilmaz AA, Tuzuner F. The effect of scalp block and local infiltration on the haemodynamic and stress response to skull-pin placement for craniotomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2009;26:298-303.

15. Mestdagh FP, Lavand'homme PM, Pirard G, Joshi GP, Sauter AR, Van de Velde M; PROSPECT Working Group of the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA). Pain management after elective craniotomy: A systematic review with procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) recommendations. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023;40:747-757.

16. Greenberg M. Greenberg's handbook of neurosurgery. 10th edition. New York (NY): Thieme Medical Publishers; 2023. p. 1774.

17. Stachtari C, Stergiouda Z, Koraki E, Sifaki F, Bagntasarian S, Chatzopoulos S. Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to scalp block in patients undergoing elective craniotomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2023;227:107669.

18. Yadav G, Choupoo S, Das SK, Das SK, Behera SS, Khuba S, et al. Evaluating the role of flupirtine for postcraniotomy pain and compare it with diclofenac sodium: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2014;26:32-36.

19. Williams DL, Pemberton E, Leslie K. Effect of intravenous parecoxib on post-craniotomy pain. Br J Anaesth. 2011;107:398-403.

20. Manrique-Carmona LP, Pérez-Neri I. Pathophysiology and treatment of peritumoral brain edema: possible effect of lidocaine. Neurochem J. 2018;12:9-14.

21. Kim JC, Choi YS, Kim KN, Shim JK, Lee JY, Kwak YL. Effective dose of peri-operative oral pregabalin as an adjunct to multimodal analgesic regimen in lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36:428-433.