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2006, Number 4

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2006; 14 (4)

Nutritional genomic and obesity

Gutiérrez RJG, Meléndez MG, Zúñiga RA, Serralde ZA

Language: Spanish
References: 57
Page: 247-256
PDF size: 135.01 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Nutritional Genomics has changed old paradigms with the emerging concept of the genetic expression control mediated by nutrients in order to reach a metabolic equilibrium during short and long periods of time between meals. These regulations take place in two systems. The first one is related to uncoupling proteins in the inner mitochondrial membranes of brown adipose tissue capable to deviate protons of the respiratory gradient to produce futile heat. The second system is related to a complex variety of nuclear factors that acts as metabolic sensors of dietary lipids to stimulate or repress genes that control adipose maturity, function and oxidation. Dietary lipid intake, specially unsaturated fatty acids, are able to modify this systems because they serve as fuel partitioners elements making a direct action in nuclear factors that control genetic transcription of UCP and a large number of enzymes of the lipid metabolism. The human genetic variability explain why some individuals are in major risk of overweight or obesity because even a single nucleotide polymorphism modify the total energy expenditure and the lipid metabolic direction. The knowledge of these differences will be critical in the future to create better pharmacology and diet approaches.


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