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ISSN 0188-9796 (Impreso)

2006, Número 4

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2006; 14 (4)


Genómica nutricional y obesidad

Gutiérrez RJG, Meléndez MG, Zúñiga RA, Serralde ZA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 247-256
Archivo PDF: 135.01 Kb.


RESUMEN

La genómica nutricional ha redefinido antiguos paradigmas, introduciendo el concepto de regulación de la expresión genética mediada por los nutrimentos como parte fundamental de todo control y adaptación metabólica ante cambios en la ingesta a corto y largo plazo. La regulación de la expresión genética que interviene en la susceptibilidad de desarrollar obesidad se lleva a cabo en dos sistemas. En primer lugar, las proteínas desacopladoras mitocondriales en el tejido adiposo marrón son las responsables de intervenir en el flujo de electrones de la cadena respiratoria necesarios en diversas rutas anabólicas. En segundo lugar, factores de transcripción nuclear actúan en conjunto para la regulación de diversos genes que modifican la maduración del adipocito, sus funciones y la tasa de oxidación. Los ácidos grasos de la dieta, en especial los del tipo poliinsaturados son capaces de modificar estas dos rutas metabólicas mediante la represión o estimulación de diversos genes involucrados en el metabolismo de lípidos. Esta acción es específica para cada individuo, ya que parte de las diferencias genéticas denominadas polimorfismos, los cuales en el futuro serán esenciales para definir mejores esquemas terapéuticos de poblaciones e individuos.


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