medigraphic.com
Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2023, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Med Int Mex 2023; 39 (1)

Peritoneal dialysis associated-peritonitis: a preventable complication

De Miguel-Ibáñez R, Ramírez-Ramírez CA, Sánchez-González MD, López-Arce O, Godínez-Medina A, Ortiz-Bello ÁC

Language: Spanish
References: 34
Page: 99-107
PDF size: 244.73 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Peritoneal dialysis as renal replacement therapy is an effective modality for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. Latin America has 30% of the world population in peritoneal dialysis and within these countries Mexico covers 73% of the population in this modality of renal replacement therapy. In our country, the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) serves more than half of the Mexican population that requires renal replacement therapy. In 2014 it represented 15% of total annual cost of the institution. Peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis is the main complication in this renal replacement modality with high morbidity and a mortality reported from 2 to 6%. The epidemiology of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis varies according to the continent, country and dialysis center. The different rates of peritonitis per year reported in each center demonstrate the quality of care, despite of the international recommendations made by the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis to unify criteria. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of peritonitis represents an impact on the quality of life of the patient, the success of renal replacement therapy, public health costs and associated mortality. This review addresses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis, focusing on measures for improving the quality of care.


REFERENCES

  1. Cruz-Andreoli MC, Totoli C. Peritoneal dialysis. Rev Assoc MedBras 2020; 66: s37-s44. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.S1.37.

  2. Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, de Arteaga J, Fan S, Figueiredo AE,Fish DN, Goffin E, Kim YL, Salzer W, Struijk DG, TeitelbaumI, Johnson DW. ISPD Peritonitis Recommendations: 2016Update on Prevention and Treatment. Perit Dial Int 2016; 36 (5): 481-508. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2016.00078.

  3. Prevención, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la EnfermedadRenal Crónica. Guía de Evidencias y Recomendaciones:Guía de Práctica Clínica. México, CENETEC; 2019. Disponibleen http://www.cenetec.salud.gob.mx/descargas/gpc/CatalogoMaestro/335_IMSS_09_Enfermedad_Renal_Cronica_Temprana/EyR_IMSS_335_09.pdf.

  4. Li PK, Chow KM, Van de Luijtgaarden MW, Johnson DW,Jager KJ, Mehrotra R, Naicker S, Pecoits-Filho R, Yu XQ,Lameire N. Changes in the worldwide epidemiology ofperitoneal dialysis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13 (2): 90-103.doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.181.

  5. Rosa-Diez G, Gonzalez-Bedat M, Pecoits-Filho R, MarinovichS, et al. Renal replacement therapy in Latin Americanend-stage renal disease. Clin Kidney J 2014; 7: 431-436.doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfu039.

  6. Piraino B, Bernardini J, Brown E, Figueiredo A, Johnson DW,Lye WC, Price V, Ramalakshmi S, Szeto CC. ISPD positionstatement on reducing the risks of peritoneal dialysisrelatedinfections. Perit Dial Int 2011; 31 (6): 614-30. doi:10.3747/pdi.2011.00057.

  7. Mehrotra R, Devuyst O, Davies SJ, Johnson DW. The currentstate of peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27 (11):3238-3252. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016010112.

  8. Sipahioglu MH, Aybal A, Unal A, Tokgoz B, Oymak O, UtasC. Patient and technique survival and factors affecting mortalityon peritoneal dialysis in Turkey: 12 years’ experiencein a single center. Perit Dial Int 2008; 28 (3): 238-245. doi.org/10.1177/089686080802800309.

  9. Htay H, Cho Y, Pascoe EM, Darssan D, Nadeau-Fredette AC,Hawley C, Clayton PA, Borlace M, Badve SV, Sud K, BoudvilleN, McDonald SP, Johnson DW. Center effects and peritonealdialysis peritonitis outcomes: Analysis of a national registry.Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 71 (6): 814-821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.10.017.

  10. Chen TW, Li SY, Chen JY, Yang WC. Training of peritoneal dialysispatients—Taiwan’s experiences. Perit Dial Int 2008; 28(Suppl 3): S72-5. doi.org/10.1177/089686080802803s15.

  11. Cleper R, Davidovits M, Kovalski Y, Samsonov D, Amir J,Krause I. Peritonitis in a pediatric dialysis unit: local profileand implications. Isr Med Assoc J 2010; 12: 348-52.

  12. Méndez-Durán A, Ignorosa-Luna MH, Pérez-Aguilar G,Rivera-Rodríguez FJ, González-Izquierdo JJ, Dávila-TorresJ. Estado actual de las terapias sustitutivas de la funciónrenal en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Rev MedInst Mex Seguro Soc 2016; 54 (5): 588-93.

  13. Fang W, Ni Z, Qian J. Key factors for a high-quality peritonealdialysis program--the role of the PD team and continuousquality improvement. Perit Dial Int 2014; 34 (Suppl 2):S35-42. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00120.

  14. Qamar M, Sheth H, Bender FH, Piraino B. Clinical outcomesin peritoneal dialysis: impact of continuous quality improvementinitiatives. Adv Perit Dial 2009; 25: 76-9.

  15. Cho Y, Johnson DW. Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis:towards improving evidence, practices, and outcomes.Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64 (2): 278-89. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.02.025.

  16. Paniagua R, Ramos A, Fabian R, Lagunas J, Amato D. Chronickidney disease and dialysis in Mexico. Perit Dial Int 2007;27: 405-9. DOI: 10.1177/089686080702700406.

  17. Azap OK, Timurkaynak F, Sezer S, Cagˇir U, Yapar G, ArslanH, et al. Value of automatized blood culture systems in thediagnosis of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysisperitonitis. Transplant Proc 2006; 38: 411-2. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.12.060.

  18. Salzer WL. Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: challengesand solutions. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2018; 11: 173-186. doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S123618.

  19. Rüger W, van Ittersum FJ, Comazzetto LF, Hoeks SE, terWee PM. Similar peritonitis outcome in CAPD and APDpatients with dialysis modality continuation during peritonitis.Perit Dial Int. 2011; 31 (1): 39-47. doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2009.00235.

  20. De Moraes TP, Olandoski M, Caramori JC, Martin LC,Fernandes N, Divino-Filho JC, et al. Novel predictors ofperitonitis-related outcomes in the BRAZPD cohort. PeritDial Int 2014; 34: 179-87. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00333.

  21. Strippoli GF, Tong A, Johnson D, Schena FP, Craig JC.Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritonealdialysis patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2004;4:CD004679. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004679.pub3.

  22. Kumar KV, Mallikarjuna HM, Gokulnath, Jayanthi S. Fungalperitonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis:The impact of antifungal prophylaxis on patient and techniqueoutcomes. Indian J Nephrol 2014; 24 (5): 297-301.doi: 10.4103/0971-4065.133005.

  23. Bender FH, Bernardini J, Piraino B. Prevention of infectiouscomplications in peritoneal dialysis: best demonstratedpractices. Kidney Int 2006; 70 (Supplement 103): S44-S54.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5001915.

  24. Chow KM, Szeto CC, Cheung KK, Leung CB, Wong SS, LawMC, Ho YW, Li PK. Predictive value of dialysate cell countsin peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis. Clin J Am SocNephrol 2006; 1 (4): 768-73. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01010306.

  25. Nouwen J, Schouten J, Schneebergen P, Snijders S, MaaskantJ, Koolen M, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, Staphylococcusaureus carriage patterns and the risk of infectionsassociated with continuous peritoneal dialysis, J ClinMicrobiol 2006; 44 (6): 2233. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02083-05.

  26. Whitty R, Bargman JM, Kiss A, Dresser L, Lui P, Residual kidneyfunction and peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitistreatment outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12 (12):2016. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00630117.

  27. Iñigo M, Del Pozo JL. Infecciones por bacilos Gram negativosno fermentadores: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacterspp y Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Medicine 2018;12 (50): 2931-2940. doi: 10.1016/j.med.2018.02.010

  28. Borrajo M, Pérez C, Novoa EF, Iglesias A, et al. Tuberculousperitonitis in peritoneal dialysis. Soc Esp Nefrología 2009;

  29. 29 (2): 95-184.29. Kocyigit I, Unal A, Karademir D, Bahcebasi S, et al. Improvementin culture-negative peritoneal dialysis-relatedperitonitis: a single center’s experience. Perit Dial Int 2012;32 (4): 476-478. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00153.

  30. Cullis AB, Goh BL, Briggs VR, Brown EA, Dor FJMF. Creatingand maintaining optimal peritoneal dialysis access in theadult patient: 2019 update. Perit Dial Int 2019; 39 (5):414-436. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2018.00232.

  31. Sastre LA, Linares FB, Aguilera FA, Prieto VM. El reentrenamientoprogramado reduce la tasa de peritonitis endiálisis peritoneal. Nefrología 2020; 40 (5): 810-811. doi:10.1016/j.nefro.2020.09.009.

  32. Chu KH, Choy WY, Cheung CC, Fung KS, Tang HL, Lee W,Cheuk A, Yim KF, Chan WH, Tong KL. A prospective studyof the efficacy of local application of gentamicin versusmupirocin in the prevention of peritoneal dialysis catheterrelatedinfections. Perit Dial Int 2008; 28 (5): 505-8. DOI:10.1177/089686080802800514.

  33. Szeto CC, Li PK, Johnson DW, Bernardini J, Dong J, FigueiredoAE, Ito Y, Kazancioglu R, Moraes T, Van Esch S, Brown EA.ISPD Catheter-Related Infection Recommendations: 2017Update. Perit Dial Int 2017; 37 (2): 141-154. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2016.00120.

  34. Gadallah MF, Ramdeen G, Mignone J, Patel D, MitchellL, Tatro S. Role of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis inpreventing postoperative peritonitis in newly placed peritonealdialysis catheters. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 36 (5):1014-9. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2000.19104.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com