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2021, Number 3

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Rev Hematol Mex 2021; 22 (3)

Etiological factors of infantile acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Valencia-González M, Nájera-Castillo MF, Tejocote-Romero I, Trujillo-Condes VE

Language: Spanish
References: 34
Page: 155-161
PDF size: 210.79 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is currently the most frequent cancer in children. In Mexico, it has a higher incidence than in the USA. It has a global peak of presentation between 2 and 5 years old, with predominance in male gender. Currently, available treatments have increased the cure rate from 10% to 80-90% in developed countries, just in the past 50 years. In 95% of new cases no hereditary factors are identified, 5% can be explained by specific genetic conditions such as syndromic conditions (Down syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, Nijmegen syndrome), polymorphisms in genes such as ARDI5B, CEBPE, GATA3, and IKZF1, mutations of tumor suppressor genes such as p53, PAX5 and ETV6, translocations such as t(12: 21), t(1:19) and t(9:22), as well as exposure to ionizing radiation and chemotherapy. At present, the challenge remains to elucidate each of the signaling pathways that converge in leukemogenesis. Evidence suggests that the interaction between a susceptible host with the environment factors stimulate the modification of gene expression, giving opportunity for mutations to cause errors in the proliferation and maturation of hematopoietic stem cells. Despite advances, the most accurate etiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia remains the multifactorial component.


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