2021, Number 1
<< Back Next >>
Enf Infec Microbiol 2021; 41 (1)
SARS-COV-2 disease in the pediatric patient
Palacios SGC, Herrera RCG, Sánchez SLM, Estrada DUS
Language: Spanish
References: 42
Page: 22-27
PDF size: 227.60 Kb.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a recent-onset disease that has catastrophically affected a large part of the world population. Cases
in children represent a small percentage of the global one. The course of the disease in them is generally mild
unlike in adults, except for those children who present some comorbidity; although cases of severe form of multisystemic
inflammatory syndrome have been reported. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations,
radiological features and detection of the agent by polymerase chain reaction of a pharyngeal and nasopharyngeal
swab sample. Management is symptomatic and supportive. Although the preventive measures that have
been implemented have been useful to curb transmission, they also have repercussions on the psycho-emotional
health of children.
REFERENCES
Rasmussen, S. y Thompson, A., “Coronavirus disease 2019 and children: what pediatric health care clinicians need to know”, jama Pediatr, 2020, 74: 743-744. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1224.
Lu, X., Zhang, L., Du, H., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Qu, J. et al., “sars-cov-2 infection in children”, N Engl J Med, 2020, 382: 1663-1665. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005073.
Secretaría de Salud, Gobierno de México, “Información internacional y nacional sobre nuevo coronavirus (covid- 19)”, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/salud/ documentos/informacion-internacional-y-nacional-sobrenuevo- coronavirus-2019-ncov. Consultado: 8 de diciembre de 2020.
Dirección General de Epidemiología, Gobierno de México, “covid-19 México”, 2020. Disponible en: https://coronavirus. gob.mx/datos/#COMNac. Consultado: 8 de diciembre de 2020.
Zimmermann, P. y Curtis, N., “Coronavirus infections in children including covid-19 an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children”, Pediatric Infect Dis J, 2020, 39: 355-368. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000002660.
Brady, R., Children and coronavirus disease 19 (covid- 19)”, aap Grand Rounds, 2020, 44: 5. doi: https://doi. org/10.1542/gr.44-1-5.
Cai, J., Xu, J., Lin, D., Yang, Z., Xu, L., Qu, Z. et al., “A case series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features”, Clin Infect Dis, 2020, 20: 1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ cid/ciaa198.
Prakesh, S., Yenge, D., Ganesh, A., Shaun, K. y Ari, B., “Classification system and case definition for sars-cov-2 infection in pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates”, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2020, 99: 565-568. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13870.
Castagnoli, R., Votto, M., Licari, A., Brambilla, I., Bruno, R., Perlini, S. et al., “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in children and adolescents. A systematic review”, jama Pediatr, 2020, e1-e8. doi: http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/ jamapediatrics.2020.1467.
Xia, W., Shao, J., Guo, Y., Peng, X., Li, Z. y Hu, D., “Clinical and ct features in pediatric patients with covid-19 infection: different points from adults”, Pedriatr Pulmonol, 2020, 55: 1169-1174. doi:10.1002/ppul.24718.
Liguoro, I., Pilotto, Ch., Bonanni, M., Ferrari, M., Pusiol, A., Nocerino, A. et al., sars-cov-2 infection in children and newborns: a systematic review”, Eur J Pedriatr, 2020, 179: 1029-1046.
Wu, Q., Xing, Y., Shi, L., Li, W., Gao, Y., Pan, S. et al., “Coinfection and other clinical characteristics of covid-19 in children”, Pedriatrics, 2020, 146 (1): 1-9. doi: https://doi. org/10.1542/peds.2020-0961.
Heald, T., Muller, W., Zheng, X., Rippe, J., Patel, A. y Kociolek, L., “Age-related differences in nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) levels in patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)”, jama Pediatr, 2020, e1-e2. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3651.
Lee, B. y Raszka, W., “covid-19 transmission and children: the child is not to blame”, Pediatrics, 2020, 146: 1-3. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-004879.
Somekh, E., Gleyzer, A., Heller, E., Lopian, M., Kashani- Ligumsky, L., Czeiger, S. et al., “The role of children in the dynamics of intra family coronavirus 2019 spread in densely populated area”, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2020, 39: e202-e204.
Ludvigsson, J., “Systematic review of covid-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adult”, Acta Paediatr, 2020, 109: 1088-1095.
Parri, N., Lenge, M. y Buonsenso, D., “Children with covid- 19 in pediatric emergency departments in Italy”, N Engl J Med, 2020, 383: 187-190.
Foong, K., Bandi, S., Bird, P. y Tang, J., “covid-19 in neonates and infants: progression and recovery”, Pediatrics Infect Dis J, 2020, 39: e140-e142.
Posfay-Barbey, K., Wagner, N., Gauthey, M., Moussaoui, D., Loevy, N., Diana, A. et al., “covid-19 in children and the dynamics of infection in families”, Pediatrics, 2020, 146: 1-3.
Marlais, M., Wlodkowski, T., Vivarelli, M., Pape, L., Tönshoff, B., Schaefer, F. et al., “The severity of covid-19 in children on immunosuppressive medication”, The Lancet, 2020, 4: e17-e18.
National Institutes of Health, “covid-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel”, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19) Treatment Guidelines. Disponible en: https://www. covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/. Consultado: 4 de agosto de 2020.
Wihttaker, E., Bamford, A., Kenny, J., Kaforou, M., Jones, C., Shah, P. et al., “Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with sars-cov-2”, jama, 2020, 324: 259-269. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10369.
Harman, K., Verma, A., Cook, J., Radia, T., Zuckerman, M., Deep, A. et al., “Ethnicity and covid-19 in children with comorbidities”, The Lancet, 2020, 4: e24-e25.
Nerti, R., Sanikop, A., Sharma, M. y Ghagane, S., “covid- 19 pandemic: a challenge to a child with cancer”, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2020: e28512.
Vásquez, L., Sampor, C., Villanueva, G., Maradiegue, E., García-Lombardi, M., Gómez-García, W. et al., “Early impact of the covid-19 pandemic on paediatric cancer care in Latin America”, The Lancet, 2020, 21: 753-755.
Wu, H., Zhu, H., Yuan, Ch., Yao, C., Luo, W., Shen, X. et al., “Clinical and immune features of hospitalized pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in Wuhan, China”, jama, 2020, 3: 1-10. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen. 2020.10895.
Götzinger, F., Santiago-García, B., Noguera-Julián, A., Lanaspa, M., Lancella, L., Calo-Carducci, F. et al., “covid- 19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study”, The Lancet, 2020: 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30177-2.
Riphagen, S., Gómez, X., González-Martínez, C., Wilkinson, N. y Teocharis, P., “Hyperinflammatory shock in children during covid-19 pandemic”, The Lancet, 2020, 395: 1607-1608.
Yonker, L., Shen, K. y Kinane, T., “Lessons unfolding from pediatric cases of covid-19 disease caused by sars-cov-2 infection”, Pediatric Pulmonol, 2020, 55: 1085-1086.
Dong, Y., Mo, X., Hu, Y., Qi, X., Jiang, F., Jiang, Z. et al., “Epidemiology of covid-19 among children in China”, Pediatrics, 2020, 145: 1-10.
Venturini, E., Palmas, G., Montagnani, C., Chiappini, E., Citera, F., Astorino, B. et al., “Severe neutropenia in infants with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 infection”, J Pediatr, 2020, 222: 259-261.
Prado, .F, Oviedo, V., Valdebenito, C., Espinoza, A. y Renedo, S.. “Interpretación de patrones radiológicos sugerentes de covid-19 en pediatría”, Neumol Pediatr, 2020, 15: 330-338.
Kelvin, A. y Halperin, S., “covid-19 in children: the link in the transmission chain”, The Lancet, 2020, 20: 633-634.
Bialek, S., Gierke, R., Hughes, M., McNamara, L., Pilishvili, T. y Skoff, T., “Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: United States, February 12-April 2, 2020”, mmwr, 2020, 69: 422-426.
Organización Mundial de la Salud, “Therapeutics and covid-19: living guideline”. Disponible en: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/therapeutics-and-covid-19- living-guideline. Consultado: 8 de diciembre de 2020.
Organización Mundial de la Salud, “Therapeutics and covid-19: living guideline. Corticosteroids for covid-19”. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/ WHO-2019-nCoV-Corticosteroids-2020.1. Consultado: 8 de diciembre de 2020.
Piechotta, V., Chai, K.L., Valk, S.J., Doree, C., Monsef, I., Wood, E.M. et al., “Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with covid-19: a living systematic review”, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, núm. 7, art. núm. cd013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub2. Consultado: 9 de diciembre de 2020.
Montaño-Luna, V., Pacheco-Rosas, D., Vázquez-Rosales, J., Labra-Zamora, M., Pacheco-Fuentes, Y., Sámano- Aviña, M. et al., “Manejo clínico de casos pediátricos de covid-19”, Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc, 2020: 1-13.
Sharfstein, J. y Morphew, C., “The urgency and challenge of opening k-12 schools in the fallof 2020”, jama, 2020, 324: 133-134.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Prevent getting sick. Cloth-face-cover-guidance”, Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/preventgetting- sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html. Consultado: 10 de agosto de 2020.
Santoli, J., Lindley, M., DeSilva, M., Kharbanda, O., Daley, M., Galloway, L. et al., “Effects of the covid-19 pandemic on routine pediatric vaccine ordering and administration: United States, 2020”, mmwr, 2020, 69: 591-593.
Voysey, M., Costa, S., Madhi, S., Weckx, L., Folegatti, P., Aley, P. et al., “Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 ncov-19 vaccine (azd1222) against sars-cov-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK”, The Lancet, 2020, 1-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1.