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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2020, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2020; 23 (1)


La plasticidad del hepatocito y su relevancia en la fisiología y la patología hepática

Ríos-López DG, Aranda-López Y, Sosa-Garrocho M, Macías-Silva M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 141
Paginas: 1-19
Archivo PDF: 406.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

El hígado es uno de los principales órganos encargados de mantener la homeostasis en vertebrados, además de poseer una gran capacidad regenerativa. El hígado está constituido por diversos tipos celulares que de forma coordinada contribuyen para que el órgano funcione eficientemente. Los hepatocitos representan el tipo celular principal de este órgano y llevan a cabo la mayoría de sus actividades; además, constituyen una población heterogénea de células epiteliales con funciones especializadas en el metabolismo. El fenotipo de los hepatocitos está controlado por diferentes vías de señalización, como la vía del TGFβ/Smads, la ruta Hippo/YAP-TAZ y la vía Wnt/β-catenina, entre otras. Los hepatocitos son células que se encuentran normalmente en un estado quiescente, aunque cuentan con una plasticidad intrínseca que se manifiesta en respuesta a diversos daños en el hígado; así, estas células reactivan su capacidad proliferativa o cambian su fenotipo a través de procesos celulares como la transdiferenciación o la transformación, para contribuir a mantener la homeostasis del órgano en condiciones saludables o desarrollar diversas patologías.


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