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2001, Número 4

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Cir Gen 2001; 23 (4)


Balística: Balística de efectos o balística de las heridas

Manzano-Trovamala FJR, Guerrero MMG, Arcaute VF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 266-272
Archivo PDF: 74.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Revisar los conceptos básicos de balística interna, y externa y terminal o de efectos.
Obtención de los datos: Se analizan los informes publicados en la literatura anglosajona, 44 artículos.
Diseño: Artículo de revisión.
Resultados: Se exponen las características físicas de los proyectiles producidos por las armas de fuego más comunes, su comportamiento al impactar y al desplazarse dentro de un tejido, y por ende, las lesiones que producen en éstos, y los principales tipos de armas. Así mismo, se menciona el tratamiento de las lesiones producidas por los diferentes tipos de proyectiles.
Los proyectiles de baja velocidad producen orificios de entrada y salida circulares o longitudinales, en general con poca destrucción tisular. En el extremo opuesto se encuentran los proyectiles de alta velocidad, en especial los fragmentables, que producen gran destrucción de los tejidos, alrededor y en la vecindad de la trayectoria del proyectil, aún sin contacto directo con el órgano lesionado.
Conclusión: Es muy importante recabar información relativa al tipo de arma y del proyectil causante de la lesión con objeto de predecir el daño y el tratamiento. El tratamiento de las lesiones producidas por proyectiles de alta velocidad fragmentables, por lo general amerita grandes desbridamientos, derivaciones intestinales, extirpación de órganos, drenajes, heridas abiertas y rehabilitación muy amplia.


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