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Medicina & Laboratorio

2012, Número 11-12

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2012; 18 (11-12)


Hipersensibilidad tipo I frente a los ácaros del polvo doméstico: mecanismos inmunológicos y diagnóstico

Escobar MM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 125
Paginas: 513-536
Archivo PDF: 599.03 Kb.


RESUMEN

La rinitis alérgica es una enfermedad respiratoria crónica de alta prevalencia y que tiene gran impacto en la calidad de vida y el desempeño laboral o escolar. Se relaciona estrechamente con otras enfermedades alérgicas como el asma, la sinusitis y otras afecciones como la conjuntivitis y la otitis. Uno de los principales alérgenos que ocasionan la rinitis alérgica son los ácaros del género Dermatophagoides, en especial las especies D. pteronyssinus y D. farinae, aunque también se ha demostrado la importancia del ácaro Blomia tropicalis en estas afecciones. En este artículo de revisión se analiza la importancia de las reacciones alérgicas frente a estos ácaros, en especial del género Dermatophagoides, tomando en cuenta los estudios realizados en el contexto nacional y latinoamericano; también se explican los mecanismos inmunológicos de la hipersensibilidad tipo I en los pacientes sensibilizados con dichos alérgenos, incluyendo el proceso de sensibilización y de producción de IgE específica, así como el papel de las citocinas en este proceso. Así mismo, se discutirán los métodos diagnósticos y los esquemas terapéuticos que se utilizan, incluyendo la inmunoterapia.


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