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Medicina & Laboratorio

2012, Número 07-08

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2012; 18 (07-08)


Utilidad clínica de la agregometría plaquetaria

Guevara ANM, Escobar GGE, Campuzano MG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 311-332
Archivo PDF: 946.50 Kb.


RESUMEN

La acción de las plaquetas en la hemostasia primaria comprende la adhesión a los vasos sanguíneos afectados, la activación, la secreción del contenido granular, y posteriormente, la agregación plaquetaria para la formación del tapón hemostático primario. Bajo las condiciones fisiológicas de flujo vascular, estos procesos requieren la acción sinérgica de varias proteínas y receptores plaquetarios, como también de agonistas que inducen la activación plaquetaria. Por ello, las mutaciones de los genes que codifican para moléculas y receptores de superficie implicados en estos procesos darán origen a desórdenes hemorrágicos como la enfermedad de von Willebrand, la trombastenia de Glanzmann, el síndrome de Bernard Soulier y la deficiencia de gránulos plaquetarios, entre otros. El diagnóstico de estas enfermedades se realiza mediante ensayos de función plaquetaria que simulan los procesos fisiológicos de activación, adhesión, liberación del contenido granular y agregación. Una de las pruebas de función plaquetaria más utilizada es la agregometría. En este artículo de revisión se describe la utilidad de esta prueba para el diagnóstico de desórdenes hemorrágicos hereditarios y del síndrome de la plaqueta pegajosa, un desorden trombótico hereditario caracterizado por hiperagregabilidad. Adicionalmente, se revisa el fundamento de esta prueba, las condiciones preanalíticas, analíticas y posanalíticas, las indicaciones, las contraindicaciones y la interpretación de los resultados.


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