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Medicina & Laboratorio

2012, Número 07-08

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2012; 18 (07-08)


Actualización en cáncer de próstata: generalidades y diagnóstico

Báez BP, Armisén YR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 141
Paginas: 333-354
Archivo PDF: 788.29 Kb.


RESUMEN

El cáncer de próstata es una enfermedad clínicamente caracterizada por un periodo de latencia largo y un crecimiento tumoral lento. En la actualidad, es un problema de gran importancia para la salud pública, pues es el segundo cáncer más frecuentemente diagnosticado y corresponde a la sexta causa de muerte por cáncer en hombres en el mundo. Se caracteriza por una gran heterogeneidad clínica y molecular. Su diagnóstico se basa en el uso de tres pruebas fundamentales: el examen del tacto rectal y la medición de los niveles séricos del antígeno específico de próstata (AEP), los cuales se usan frecuentemente en el tamizaje, y la biopsia prostática, mediante la cual se confirma el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata. Actualmente, el AEP se ha constituido en la principal herramienta tamiz para el cáncer de próstata; no obstante, existe una gran controversia en torno a su uso. Por ello, están siendo ampliamente estudiados nuevos biomarcadores, a fin de disponer de pruebas diagnósticas más sensibles y específicas. Dado que el AEP es una prueba ampliamente utilizada internacionalmente y que han surgido biomarcadores adicionales para el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer de próstata, es de fundamental importancia que el personal de la salud en general y el personal de laboratorio en particular puedan contar con información con respecto al uso de éstas y su relación con otras herramientas diagnósticas, además de otros aspectos generales del cáncer de próstata.


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