medigraphic.com
Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2020, Número 2

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Med Int Mex 2020; 36 (2)


VIH y tuberculosis en concomitancia con sarcoma de Kaposi y otras infecciones oportunistas. Atención en un hospital de referencia del estado de Tabasco, México

Márquez-Quiroz O, Flores-Barrientos O, Gónzales-Romo MA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 255-264
Archivo PDF: 261.76 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: La infección por VIH incrementa el riesgo de tuberculosis activa, ambas afecciones son causa frecuente de mortalidad en todo el mundo. El VIH manipula la producción de citocinas, lo que favorece la diseminación bacteriana, a su vez, la replicación del VIH es inducida por los macrófagos infectados por M. tuberculosis. la concomitancia de VIH y tuberculosis se relaciona con morbilidad y mortalidad elevadas, por lo que en pacientes con VIH es importante el diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos contra la tuberculosis, en su forma activa y en la latente.
Casos clínicos: Se comunican dos casos de pacientes con SIDA en los que hubo coexistencia de sarcoma de Kaposi y tuberculosis diseminada, así como otras infecciones oportunistas.
Conclusiones: Después de la introducción de los fármacos antirretrovirales la mortalidad y morbilidad de los pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana han disminuido; sin embargo, el sarcoma de Kaposi sigue siendo una neoplasia frecuente en estos pacientes y todavía se asocia con mortalidad significativa.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Mukadi YD. Harries A. Tuberculosis case fatality rates in high HIV prevalence populations in sub-Saharam Africa. AIDS 2001;15:143-52. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200101260- 00002.

  2. Global tuberculosis control: WHO report 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010.

  3. Machuca I, Vida E, De la Torre-Cisneros J, Rivero-Román A. Tuberculosis en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clínica Diciembre 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.10.009.

  4. Beltrán-León M, Pérez-Llanos F, Sánchez L, Parra-López M, Sánchez R, Awad C, Granda A, Quintero E, Briceño O, Cruz O, Murcia M. Prevalencia y factores asociados a tuberculosis y las micobacteriosis en pacientes positivos para HIV en Bogotá. Biomédica 2018. https://doi.org/10.7705/ biomedica.v38i0.3410.

  5. Lambert A, Merlo A, Human immunodeficiency virusassociated lung malignances. Clin Chest Med 2013 Jun;34(2):255-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.01.008.

  6. Seftter E, Tam M. Kaposi sarcoma treatment. National Institute of Cancer 2015.

  7. Fatahzadeg M. Kaposi’s sarcoma: review and medical management update. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012 Jan;113(1):2-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.011.

  8. World Heatlh Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2017.

  9. AIDSinfo guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease. September 2019. V1-V40.

  10. Sonnenberg O, Lynn JR, Fielding K, Murray J, Godfrey- Fausset P, Shearer S. How soon after infection with HIV does ther risk or tuberculosis start to increae? A retrospective cohort study in South Africa gold miners. J Infect Dis 2005;192(2):150-158. https://doi.org/10.1086/426827.

  11. Wood R, Maartens G, Lobard CJ. Risk factor for developing tuberculosis in HIV-1 infected adults from communities with low or very high incidence of tuberculosis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;23(1):75-80. DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200001010-00010.

  12. Rangaka MX, Wilkinson RJ, Boulle A, et al. Isoniazid plus antiretorviral therapy to prevent tuberculosis a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled tiral. Lancet 2014;384(9944):682-690. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(14)60162-8.

  13. Rangaka MX, Wilkinson RJ, Glynn JR. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on the diagnostic accuracy of sympton screening for intensified tuberculosis case finding in South Africa HIV Clinic. Clin Infect Dis 2012;55(12):1698-1706. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis775.

  14. Cain KP, McCrthy KD, Heilig CM, et al. An algorithm for tuberculosis screening and diagnostis in people with HIV. N Engl J Med 2019;362(8):707-716. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa0907488.

  15. Hanifa Y, Fielding KL, Chihota VN, et al. A clinical scoring system to prioritise investigation for tuberculosis among adults attending HIV clinics in South Africa PLosOne 2017;12(9):e0181519. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0181519.

  16. Batungwanayo J, Taelman H, Dhote R, Bogaerts J, Allen S, Van de Perre P. Pulmonary tuberculosis in Kigali, Rwanda. Impact of human immunodeficency virus infection on clinical and radiographic presentation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146(1):53-56. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/146.1.53.

  17. Jones BE, Young SM, Antoniskis D, Davidson PT, Kramer F, Barnes PF. Relationship of the manifestation of tuberculosis to CD4 cell counts in patientes with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148(5):1292- 1297. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/148.5.1292.

  18. Perlam DC, el-Sadr WM, Nelseon ET, et al. Variation of chest radiographic patterns in pulmonary tuberuclosis by degree of human immunodeficiency virus related immunosupression. The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG). Clin Infect Dis 1997;25(2):242-246. DOI: 10.1086/514546.

  19. Post FA, Wood R, Pillay GP. Pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infection: radiographic appereance is related to CD4+ Tlymphocyte count. Tuber Lung Dis 1995;76:518-21. DOI: 10.1016/0962-8479(95)90527-8.

  20. Pepper T, Joseph P, Mwenya C, et al. Normal chest radiography in pulmonary tuberculosis: implication for obtaining respiratory specimen cultures. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008;12(4):397-403.

  21. Shafer RW, Kim DS, Weiss JR, Quale JM. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Infection Medicine 1991;70(6):384-397. https:// www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org %2F10.1097%2F00005792-199111000-00004.

  22. Elliot AM, Halwiindi B, Hayes RJ. The impact of human immunodeficiency virus on presentation and diagnosis of tuberculosis in a cohort study in Zambia. J Trop Med Hyg 1993;96(1):1-11.

  23. Reid MJ, Shah NS. Approaches to tuberculosis screening and diagnosisis in people with HIV in resourcelimited settings. Lancet Infect Dis 2009;9(3):173-184. doi: 10.1016/ S1473-3099(09)70043-X.

  24. Lewinsohn DM, Leonard MK, LoBue PA, et al. Official American Thoracic Diseases Society of America/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical practice guidelines: diagnostis of tuberculosis in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis 2017;64(2):111-115. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw694.

  25. Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Hillemann D, et al. Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(11):1005-1015. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa0907847.

  26. Dinnes J, Deeks J, Kunst H, et al. A systematic review of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of tuberculosis infection. Health Technol Assess 2007;11(3):1-196. DOI: 10.3310/hta11030.

  27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated guidelines for the use of nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009;58(1):7-10.

  28. World Health Organization. Automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF system. Policy statement. 2011.

  29. Peter JG, Theron G, van Zyl-Smit R, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a urine lipoarabinomannan strip-test for TB detection in HIV-infected hospitalised patients. Eur Respir J 2012;40(5):1211-1220. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00201711.

  30. Shah M, Ssengooba W, Armstrong D, et al. Comparative performance of urinary lipoarabinomannan assays and Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS. 2014;28(9):1307- 1314. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000264.

  31. Kerkhoff AD, Barr DA, Schutz C, et al. Disseminated tuberculosis among hospitalised HIV patients in South Africa: a common condition that can be rapidly diagnosed using urine-based assays. Sci Rep 2017;7(1):10931. doi: 10.1038/ s41598-017-09895-7.

  32. Mazurek GH, Jereb J, Vernon A, et al. Updated guidelines for using interferon gamma release assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection—United States, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-5):1-25.

  33. Abdool Karim SS, Naidoo K, Grobler A, et al. Timing of initiation of antiretroviral drugs during tuberculosis therapy. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(8):697-706. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa0905848.

  34. Blanc F, et al. Earlier versus later start of antiretrovial therapy in HIV adults with tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1471. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1013911.

  35. Havlir DV, Kendall MA, Ive P, et al. Timing of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection and tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(16):1482-1491. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1013607.

  36. Mfinanga SG, Kirenga BJ, Chanda DM, et al. Early versus delayed initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB-HAART): a prospective, international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(7):563-571. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70733-9.

  37. Murthy A, Marulappa R, Hegde U, Kappadi D, Ambikathanaya UK, Nair P. Treatment guidelines and prognosis of inmmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome patients: A review. J Int Oral Health 2015;7(4):92-95.

  38. Fernandez-Martinez RF, Arenas R. Immune reconstitution inflammatory síndrome (IRIS). A review to understand. Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2008;36(3):113-119.

  39. Meintjes G, Lawn SD, Scano F, et al. Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8(8):516-523. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016 %2FS1473-3099(08)70184-1.

  40. Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Miller RF. Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIVinfected individuals receiving antiretrovirals. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5(6):361-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473- 3099(05)70140-7.

  41. Muller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(4):251-261. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8.

  42. Burman W, Weis S, Vernon A, et al. Frequency, severity and duration of immune reconstitution events in HIV-related tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007;11(12):1282-1289.

  43. Pepper DJ, Marais S, Maartens G, et al. Neurologic manifestations of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case series. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48(11):e96-107. doi: 10.1086/598988.

  44. Lawn SD, Wood R. Hepatic involvement with tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution disease. AIDS 2007;21(17):2362- 2363. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f1be39.

  45. Meintjes G, Rangaka MX, Maartens G, et al. Novel relationship between tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and antitubercular drug resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48(5):667-676. https://dx.doi. org/10.1086%2F596764.

  46. Breton G, Duval X, Estellat C, et al. Determinants of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV type 1-infected patients with tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39(11):1709- 1712. DOI: 10.1086/425742.

  47. Lawn SD, Myer L, Bekker LG, Wood R. Tuberculosisassociated immune reconstitution disease: incidence, risk factors and impact in an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa. AIDS 2007;21(3):335-341. DOI: 10.1097/ QAD.0b013e328011efac.

  48. Manosuthi W, Kiertiburanakul S, Phoorisri T, Sungkanuparph S. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients receiving antituberculous and antiretroviral therapy. J Infect. 2006;53(6):357-363. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.01.002.

  49. Michailidis C, Pozniak AL, Mandalia S, Basnayake S, Nelson MR, Gazzard BG. Clinical characteristics of IRIS syndrome in patients with HIV and tuberculosis. Antivir Ther 2005;10(3):417-422.

  50. Luetkemeyer AF, Kendall MA, Nyirenda M, et al. Tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in A5221 STRIDE: timing, severity, and implications for HIV-TB programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014;65(4):423- 428. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000030.

  51. Narendran G, Andrade BB, Porter BO, et al. Paradoxical tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in HIV patients with culture confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in India and the potential role of IL-6 in prediction. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63541. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063541.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com