Reyes-Vaca JG, Villegas-Valdez DMM, Bravo-Oro A, Hernández-Rodríguez HG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 37
Paginas: 148-158
Archivo PDF: 2936.26 Kb.

RESUMEN

Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista es un problema de conectividad neuronal que afecta habilidades lingüísticas, conductuales y sociales. Predomina en varones mayores de 2 años, se asocia a síndromes genéticos y su etiología es desconocida.
Objetivo: Valorar la integridad de los fascículos longitudinales superior e inferior por resonancia magnética en niños autistas sin tratamiento y niños no autistas.
Material y métodos: Estudio comparativo, prospectivo y transversal con imágenes de tensor de difusión del encéfalo en 16 pacientes pediátricos: 8 con trastorno del espectro autista no asociado a otro síndrome genético y 8 controles pareados no autistas. Se evaluó y se realizó el análisis estadístico de la fracción de anisotropía, difusión media y el espesor de los fascículos longitudinales superiores e inferiores del encéfalo.
Resultados: Aumento de la fracción de anisotropía y disminución de los valores de difusión media en forma significativa en la parte posterior del fascículo longitudinal superior izquierdo y gran parte del fascículo longitudinal inferior derecho en pacientes autistas.
Conclusión: La resonancia magnética con tensor de difusión, apoya el diagnóstico temprano de pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista y demuestra la falta de integridad de la microestructura de la sustancia blanca en forma no invasiva.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. McGrath J, Johnson K, O'Hanlon E, Garavan H, Gallagher L, Leemans A. White matter and visuospatial processing in autism:a constrained spherical deconvolution tractography study. Autism Research. 2013;6:307-19.

2. Pinto D, Pagnamenta A, Klei L, Anney R, Merico D, Regan R, et al. Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders. Nature. 2010;466(7304):368-72.

3. Retico A, Giuliano A, Tancredi R, Cosenza A, Apicella F, Narzisi A, et al. The effect of gender on the neuroanatomy of children with autism spectrum disorders:a support vector machine case-control study. Molecular Autism. 2016;7:5.

4. Maski K, Jesteb S, Spence S. Common neurological co-morbidities in autism spectrum disorders. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2011;23(6):609-15.

5. Voineagu I, Wang X, Johnston P, Lowe JK, Tian Y, Horvath S, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of autistic brain reveals convergent molecular pathology. Nature. 2011;474(7351):380-4.

6. Ecker C, Ginestet C, Feng Y, Johnston P, Lombardo MV, Lai MC, et al. Brain surface anatomy in adults with autism:the relationship between surface area, cortical thickness, and autistic symptoms. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(1):59-70.

7. Belmonte M, Allen G, Beckel-Mitchener A, Boulanger LM, Carper RA, Webb SJ. Autism and abnormal development of brain connectivity. J Neurosc. 2004;24(42):9228-31.

8. Monk CS, Peltier S.J, Wiggins JL, Weng SJ, Carrasco M, Risi S, et al. Abnormalities of intrinsic functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroimage. 2009;47(2):764-72.

9. Beailieu C. The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system- a technical review. NMR Biomed. 2002;15(7-8):435-55.

10. Villalobos ME, Mizuno A, Dahl BC, Kemmotsu N, Müller RA. Reduced functional connectivity between V1 and inferior frontal cortex associated with visuomotor performance in autism. Neuroimage. 2005;25(3):916-25.

11. Brambilla P, Hardan A, di Nemi SU, Perez J, Soares JC, Barale F. Brain anatomy and development in autism:review of structural MRI studies. Brain Res Bull. 2003;61(6):557-69.

12. Assaf M, Jagannathan K, Calhoun VD, Miller L, Stevens MC, Sahl R, et al. Abnormal functional connectivity of default mode sub-networks in autism spectrum disorder patients. Neuroimage. 2010;53(1):247-56.

13. Ameis SH, Catani M. Altered White matter connectivity as a neural substrate for social impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cortex. 2015;62:158-81.

14. Amaral DG, Schumann MC, Nordhal WC. Neuroanatomy of autism. Trends Neurosci. 2008;31(3):137-45.

15. Ismail MM, Keynton RS, Mostapha MM, ElTanboly AH, Casanova MF, Gimel'farb GL, et al. Studying Autism Spectrum Disorder with Structural and Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging:A Survey. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016;10:211.

16. Hollander E, Anagnostou E, Chaplin W, Esposito K, Haznedar MM, Licalzi E, et al. Striatal volumen in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and repetitive behaviors in Autism. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58(3):226-32.

17. Just MA, Cherkassky VL, Keller TA, Kana RK, Minshew NJ. Functional and anatomical cortical underconnectivity in autism:evidence from an FMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry. Cereb Cortex. 2007;17(4):951-61.

18. Koshino H, Kana RK, Keller TA, Cherkassky VL, Minshew NJ, Just MA. fMRI investigation of working memory for faces in autism:visual coding and underconnectivity with frontal areas. Cerebral Cortex. 2008;18(2):289-300.

19. Wakana S, Jiang H, Nagae-Poetscher LM, van Zijl PC, Mori S. Fiber tract-based atlas of human white matter anatomy. Radiology. 2004;230(1):77-87.

20. Paus T, Zijdenbos A, Worsley K, Collins DL, Blumenthal J, Giedd JN, et al. Structural maturation of neural pathways in children and adolescents:in vivo study. Science. 1999;283(5409):1908-11.

21. Catani M, Jones DK, Donato RH, Ffytche DH. Occipito-temporal connections in the human brain. Brain. 2003;126(Pt9):2093-107.

22. Shinoura N, Suzuki Y, Tsukada M, Katsuki S, Yamada R, Tabei Y, et al. Impairment of inferior longitudinal fasciculus plays a role in visual memory disturbance. Neurocase. 2007;13(2):127-30.

23. Schlesselman JJ. Sample Size Requirements in Cohort and Case –Control Studies of Disease. Am J Epid. 1974;99:381-84.

24. Lwanga SK, Lemeshow S. Sample size determination in health studies. A practical manual. Geneva:World Health Organisation;1991.

25. Joseph RM, Fricker Z, Fenoglio A, Lindgren KA, Knaus TA, Tager-Flusberg H. Structural asymmetries of language-related gray and white matter and their relationship to language function in young children with ASD. Brain Imaging Behav. 2014;8:60-72.

26. Knaus TA, Silver AM, Kennedy M, Lindgren KA, Dominick KC, Siegel J, et al. Language laterality in autism spectrum disorder and typical controls:a functional, volumetric, and diffusion tensor MRI study. Brain Lang. 2010;112(2):113-20.

27. Weinstein M, Ben-Sira L, Levy Y, Zachor DA, Ben Itzhak E, Artzi M, et al. Abnormal White Matter Integrity in Young Children with Autism. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011;32(4):534-43.

28. Billeci L, Calderoni S, Tosetti M, Catani M, Muratori F. White matter connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders:a tract-based spatial statistics study. BMC Neurol. 2012;12:148.

29. Bode MK, Mattila ML, Kiviniemi V, Rahko J, Moilanen I, Ebeling H, et al. White matter in autism spectrum disorders –evidence of impaired fiber formation. Acta Radiologica. 2011;52(10):1169-74.

30. Sahyoun CP, Belliveau JW, Mody M. White matter integrity and pictorial reasoning in high-functioning children with autism. Brain Cogn. 2010;73(3):180-8.

31. Geswind DH, Levitt P- Autism spectrum disorders:developmental disconecction síndromes. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007;17(1):103-11.

32. HappéF, Ronald A, Plomin R:Time to give up on a single explanation for autism. Nat Neurosci. 2006;9(10):1218-20.

33. Chung MK, Dalton KM, Alexander AL, Davidson RJ. Less White matter concentration in autism:2D voxel-based morphometry, NeuroImage, 2004;23(1):242-51.

34. McAlonan GM, Cheung V, Cheung C, Suckling J, Lam GY, Tai KS, et al. Mapping the brain in autism. A voxel-based MRI study of volumetric differences and intercorrelations in autism. Brain 2005;128(Pt 2):268-76.

35. Flagg EJ, Cardy JE, Roberts W, Roberts TP. Language lateralization development in children with autism:insights from the late field magnetoencephalogram. Neurosci Lett. 2005;386(2):82-7.

36. Frye RE, Beauchamp MS. Receptive language organization in high-functioning autism. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(2):231-6.

37. Just MA, Cherkassky VL, Keller TA, Minshew NJ. Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism:evidence of underconnectivity. Brain. 2004;127(Pt8):1811-21.