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2006, Número 2

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2006; 14 (2)


Sobrepeso: Estrategias para mejorar el manejo nutricio

Laguna-Camacho A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 102-113
Archivo PDF: 150.48 Kb.


RESUMEN

Mejorar el tratamiento nutricio del sobrepeso es importante debido a la alta prevalencia de obesidad en las sociedades modernas. El manejo nutricio del sobrepeso tiene la finalidad de mejorar la alimentación y peso corporal de los pacientes a través de un sistema de alimentación que facilite la adherencia a la dieta y el control de la ingestión calórica. Conceptos de nutrición que han demostrado tener un impacto sobre el balance de energía como la densidad energética y tamaño de porción de los alimentos, entre otros, deben ser básicos para el manejo nutricio del sobrepeso. Además, el manejo funcional de los alimentos y el establecimiento de patrones de alimentación quizá facilite el control del peso corporal, por ejemplo, el consumo de lácteos quizá acelera la pérdida de peso corporal; el consumo de alimentos ricos en proteína como carnes, pescado, huevo, etc. incrementa la saciedad y quizá mejora la adherencia a la dieta; el consumo de verdura disminuye la densidad calórica de la dieta e incrementa la saciedad; el consumo de grasas no saturadas se asocia con menor ganancia de peso corporal; la regulación de alimentos que podrían incrementar más fácilmente la ingestión calórica como los de los grupos pan, fruta, y grasa quizá ayude a establecer una ingestión hipocalórica. Además, se sugiere restringir el consumo de refresco y comida chatarra debido a sus propiedades para incrementar el consumo calórico y peso corporal. Por otro lado, se recomienda utilizar como indicador de balance de energía durante el manejo nutricio a la grasa corporal, debido a que el peso corporal quizá no ofrece una lectura adecuada sobre cambios en los tejidos corporales en períodos cortos de tiempo.


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