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Revista de la Asociación Médica del Centro Médico ABC

2019, Número 2

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An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC 2019; 64 (2)


Dieta y cáncer

Shveid GD, Shalkow KJ, Guzmán MJI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 118-125
Archivo PDF: 201.15 Kb.


RESUMEN

Más de un tercio de la población mundial padecerá cáncer en algún momento de su vida; es de suma importancia identificar factores de riesgo prevenibles. Existe una relación estrecha entre nuestra alimentación, índice de masa corporal y estilo de vida, tanto con el desarrollo de neoplasias como con la respuesta al tratamiento. Sin embargo, estudios recientes demuestran que el riesgo de cáncer asociado a obesidad puede ser reversible y que no está exclusivamente relacionado a la dieta y actividad física, sino también al exceso de tejido graso. Citocinas proinflamatorias, factores genéticos y ambientales, hormonas que inducen inflamación y, por ende, autofagia, adipogénesis y gasto de energía son elementos clave en la generación de neoplasias. Se sugiere una ingesta adecuada de calorías y una modificación del estilo de vida para personas con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer. Es importante considerar la cirugía bariátrica, la cual ha disminuido la incidencia de cáncer al mejorar la resistencia a la insulina, atenuar el síndrome metabólico, disminuir el estrés oxidativo e inflamación, y modular la producción y función de esteroides, hormonas intestinales, adipocitos y el sistema inmunológico.


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