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2019, Número 1

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Cardiovasc Metab Sci 2019; 30 (1)


Comparación de los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico y de fuerza en pacientes con falla cardíaca luego de un programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular: ensayo controlado aleatorizado

Pereira-Rodríguez JE, Peñaranda-Florez DG, Pereira-Rodríguez R, Pereira-Rodríguez P, Quintero-GómezJC, Santamaría-Pérez KN, Flores-Posadas UE, Hernández-Sánchez JL

Idioma: Inglés [English version]
Referencias bibliográficas: 73
Paginas: 14-27
Archivo PDF: 273.44 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción y objetivos: A nivel mundial, las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de mortalidad. Actualmente, los programas de rehabilitación se muestran como un tratamiento efectivo para mitigar los efectos de la insuficiencia cardiaca. Se genera como objetivo principal comparar los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico y de fuerza en pacientes con falla cardíaca luego de un programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular. Material y métodos: Ensayo controlado aleatorizado en un periodo de tres años con una muestra de 920 pacientes con falla cardiaca distribuidos en dos grupos (Ejercicio aeróbico más entrenamiento de miembros superiores -MMSS- y ejercicio aeróbico más entrenamiento de miembros inferiores -MMII-). Se realizaron muestras hematológicas para determinar los niveles de glucemia y perfil lipídico. Además, pruebas y test para capacidad aeróbica, frecuencia cardiaca máxima (FCM), antropometría, depresión, ansiedad, parámetros clínicos y hemodinámicos. Las pruebas se realizaron antes y después de 24 sesiones de entrenamiento de 60 minutos, tres veces por semana durante dos meses. Resultados: Al comparar los resultados entre los grupos, se logró evidenciar mejores resultados en la mayoría de las variables del grupo experimental 2 (ejercicio aeróbico + entrenamiento de fuerza MMII) (p ≤ 0.05%). Sin embargo, no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa post entrenamiento en las variables de HDL, LDL y triglicéridos (p ≥ 0.05%). Conclusiones: Un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico combinado con fuerza para pacientes con falla cardiaca mejora la capacidad aeróbica, tolerancia al ejercicio, fracción de eyección, índices glucémicos, FCM, porcentaje muscular y disminuye el porcentaje graso corporal y los niveles de depresión y ansiedad. Dichos beneficios sobresalen en mayor medida en un entrenamiento aeróbico combinado con fuerza de MMII.


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