Vásquez-Builes S, Jaramillo-Echeverri P, Montoya-Quinchia L, Apraez-Henao L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 14-20
Archivo PDF: 128.22 Kb.

RESUMEN

La epilepsia es una enfermedad neurológica grave y de evolución crónica que afecta tanto a niños como a adultos. Desde los años veinte, la dieta cetogénica (DC) se ha considerado una opción terapéutica en pacientes con epilepsia refractaria y actualmente se utiliza como primera línea de tratamiento para algunos trastornos metabólicos. La DC puede ser eficaz no solo en epilepsias generalizadas o multifocales sintomáticas, sino también en focales y lesiónales. Su acción antiepiléptica se basa en la teoría de que los cuerpos cetónicos, sintetizados en el hígado a partir de ácidos grasos de cadena larga y media, funcionan como anticonvulsivos directos al cruzar la barrera hematoencefálica. El presente artículo realiza una descripción práctica y detallada de la literatura médica sobre las indicaciones, contraindicaciones, aspectos clínicos, fisiológicos y terapéuticos de la DC, con el objetivo de brindar a la comunidad médica las habilidades necesarias para un cuidado integral de los niños candidatos a DC o que actualmente la utilizan como tratamiento de su epilepsia refractaria.

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