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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2019, Número 1

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2019; 20 (1)


Neurobiología del trastorno de estrés postraumático

Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Chino-Vilca BN

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 72
Paginas: 21-28
Archivo PDF: 152.71 Kb.


RESUMEN

A lo largo de la vida, las personas suelen estar expuestas a situaciones traumáticas, lo que en muchas ocasiones provoca la aparición del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), cuya prevalencia alcanza del 5 al 10% a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, pese a la gran cantidad de investigaciones que abordan el trastorno, la evidencia científica respecto a los procesos neurobiológicos aún no es concluyente. La presente revisión busca profundizar en el conocimiento de las características neurobiológicas más relevantes de los pacientes con TEPT. Se realiza una descripción de las áreas cerebrales involucradas y los efectos del TEPT en su funcionamiento, incluyendo un análisis del compromiso activo del eje hipotálamico-hipofisiario- adrenal, la hiperactivación y excesiva respuesta adrenérgica en el sistema nervioso autónomo, además de una breve descripción de los modelos animales más usados en las investigaciones. Se debe de tener en cuenta que la mayoría de los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos no comportan la alteración específica de una red neural, área o sistema, sino que en su conjunto presentan una alteración de distintos sistemas simultáneamente, que se solapan, y a su vez se hacen evidentes con endofenotipos neurocognitivos relativamente específicos, que apoyados en la investigación básica y la utilización con modelos animales proporcionaría los conocimientos de la alteración celular y molecular relacionada, aspectos significativos en la evaluación, tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes.


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