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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2018, Número S2

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2018; 21 (S2)


Descontaminación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en agua por biosorción con Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Moreno-Rivas SC, Ramos-Clamont Montfort G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 110
Paginas: 51-68
Archivo PDF: 1099.00 Kb.


RESUMEN

La contaminación del agua con metales pesados es un problema potencial de salud pública, debido a su toxicidad. Los métodos tradicionales de descontaminación se enfocan principalmente a tratar efluentes industriales con altas concentraciones de metales pesados, pero con desventajas por los altos costos, grandes espacios de operación y en ocasiones, empleo o generación de otras sustancias tóxicas. Los metales pesados con mayor toxicidad presentes en el agua son arsénico, cadmio y plomo, cuya exposición crónica puede dañar diversos órganos y promover el desarrollo de cáncer. La eliminación de estos metales del agua de consumo con menores concentraciones que aún representen un riesgo a la salud, puede llevarse a cabo por el fenómeno de biosorción. Los materiales biosorbentes son molecularmente, diversos, económicos y pueden ser desde biopolímeros hasta biomasa microbiana. Se conoce que algunas cepas de levaduras han mostrado gran capacidad de remoción de metales pesados en soluciones acuosas, destacando las del género Saccharomyces, particularmente Saccharomyces cerevisiae. La biosorción con levaduras es una alternativa prometedora para la eliminación de bajas concentraciones de As3+, As5+, Cd2+ y Pb2+ en agua de consumo. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir estudiando las condiciones para su aplicación a gran escala, así como otras posibilidades que permitan su optimización.


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