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2006, Número 1

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Bioquimia 2006; 31 (1)


El sistema de antígenos leucocitarios humanos de clase II y la infección causada por el virus de la hepatitis C

Martínez-Córdova Z, Brito-García A, Piedra-Mazorra MJ, Trujillo-Álvarez Y, Bonet-Roselló L, Peña-Fresneda N, Vigueras-López R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 90
Paginas: 23-33
Archivo PDF: 102.55 Kb.


RESUMEN

El virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) persiste en la mayoría de los pacientes infectados y es responsable de un amplio espectro de lesiones hepáticas crónicas que comprenden desde una leve inflamación del hígado hasta la cirrosis o el hepatocarcinoma. La enfermedad hepática evoluciona de forma diferente en cada paciente infectado, esto podría ser consecuencia de las diferencias inmunogenéticas que se observan en el hospedero. La resistencia o susceptibilidad a la infección crónica causada por el virus de la hepatitis C está determinada genéticamente y puede estar asociado al sistema mayor de histocompatibilidad (MHC). El objetivo de esta revisión es realizar una diferenciación en cuanto al efecto de algunos alelos HLA de clase II, en la respuesta del hospedero a la infección con el VHC. Se destaca el efecto beneficioso de los alelos DRB1*11, DQB1*0301 y DRB1*0101 en cuanto a: evolución de la enfermedad hepática, depuración de la infección, carga viral y respuesta al tratamiento, mientras que en el caso de los alelos DQB1*02, DRB1*0701 se reportaron efectos dañinos. Esta diferenciación en cuanto al efecto de los diferentes alelos HLA clase II evidencia la presencia de una respuesta inmune-específica del hospedero donde el Sistema HLA clase II juega un papel esencial en la presentación de los antígenos virales a las células T cooperadoras. El estudio detallado del efecto beneficioso o dañino de los antígenos de clase II en el paciente infectado con el VHC será vital en el desarrollo de vacunas y terapias antivirales más efectivas.


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