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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2018, Número 2

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2018; 19 (2)


Modelo de reserva cognitiva: orígenes, principales factores de desarrollo y aplicabilidad clínica

Reynoso-Alcántara V, Guiot-Vázquez MI, Diaz-Camacho JE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 62-73
Archivo PDF: 242.12 Kb.


RESUMEN

El modelo de reserva cognitiva se propone como una forma de explicar la variabilidad interindividual en el desempeño cognitivo tanto en sujetos normales jóvenes, como en el envejecimiento y en algunas otras patologías que generan afectaciones de la función cognitiva. Desde este modelo el cerebro es capaz de compensar deficiencias gracias a los recursos que se han ido formando a través de experiencias de vida. En este artículo se revisan algunos antecedentes históricos del modelo de reserva cognitiva y sus principios básicos. Se analizan los tres principales factores asociados al desarrollo de la reserva cognitiva: el nivel educativo, la ocupación y la realización de actividades de ocio; y se presentan algunos hallazgos en los que se expone el papel que juega la reserva cognitiva en la vejez y en padecimientos como traumatismos craneoencefálicos, el SIDA, esclerosis múltiple, esquizofrenia, entre otros. Se concluye con algunas implicaciones del modelo de reserva para la práctica clínica.


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