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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2018, Número 1

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2018; 19 (1)


Encrucijada riñón – cerebro en el deterioro cognitivo vascular

Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Aguilar-Navarro SG, Ramírez Sandoval JC, Hernández-Contreras FJ, Anaya-Escamilla A, Ávila-Funes JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 68-79
Archivo PDF: 298.92 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), especialmente los adultos mayores, tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar deterioro cognitivo asociado a la enfermedad renal. Este deterioro se presenta como un trastorno neurocognitivo menor (TNM) o mayor (TNMa). Estudios relacionados han demostrado que hasta el 87% de los pacientes en etapa final de la ERC tienen algún grado de deterioro cognitivo. Actualmente, ambas condiciones representan un importante problema social y económico para los sistemas de salud pública del mundo; algunos estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado la existencia de deterioro cognitivo en todas las etapas de la enfermedad renal, demostrando el gran impacto negativo sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
La presencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular clínica y subclínica representa uno de los principales factores de riesgo para padecer deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con enfermedad renal, aunque también han sido estudiado otros potenciales mecanismos fisiopatológicos, como el daño neuronal directo por las toxinas urémicas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la participación del daño vascular cerebral clínico y subclínico , así como analizar los mecanismos fisiopatológicos más importantes en la interacción cerebro-riñón, para comprender mejor el deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con ERC.


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