Mora-Gallegosaa A, Salasa S, Fornaguera TJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 46
Paginas: 66-78
Archivo PDF: 168.53 Kb.

RESUMEN

El envejecimiento se ha relacionado con un decaimiento cognitivo, que incluye efectos en detrimento del aprendizaje y la memoria. También se ha sugerido que el enriquecimiento ambiental puede ayudar a prevenir los declives cognitivos relacionados con la edad, pero existen resultados contradictorios en este tema debido, por ejemplo, al amplio espectro de protocolos de enriquecimiento ambiental utilizados, pero principalmente en relación con la edad en la que se inicia el enriquecimiento. Se ha reportado que animales jóvenes pueden beneficiarse más del enriquecimiento ambiental en comparación con animales maduros, reflejado a niveles conductual y neuroquímico. En nuestros estudios, ratas jóvenes y adultas maduras fueron sometidas a enriquecimiento ambiental y ambos grupos mostraron diferencias en relación con la habituación a un ambiente novedoso, y en el desempeño en una prueba de memoria espacial. Los animales jóvenes son claramente más activos en un ambiente novedoso y en la prueba de laberinto radial en comparación con ratas maduras. Estrategias cognitivas relacionadas con la memoria espacial de trabajo y de referencia evaluadas mediante el laberinto radial señalan que ratas maduras y jóvenes tienen diferentes estrategias para solucionar tareas, pero específicamente las ratas jóvenes enriquecidas presentan un mejor desempeño en esta tarea. Estos resultados correlacionan de manera positiva con el recambio de la DA en el estriado ventral (EV) y de glutamato y GABA en el hipocampo. Basándonos en estos resultados, concluimos que periodos tempranos del neurodesarrollo han mostrado ser más sensibles al enriquecimiento ambiental, y por otro lado, la cautela que muestran las ratas maduras parecen ser una estrategia efectiva para resolver tareas de memoria de trabajo y de referencia.

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