Stelzer F, Cervigni M, Martino P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 24-36
Archivo PDF: 161.36 Kb.

RESUMEN

El término prácticas de crianza (PC) hace referencia a una serie de comportamientos y manifestaciones afectivas de los progenitores y/o responsables del menor, que se caracterizan por estar orientados principalmente a la socialización y al cuidado del infante. Diversas investigaciones han hallado un vínculo entre las PC y el desarrollo de ciertas habilidades cognitivas y emocionales del niño. Entre ellas destacan las funciones ejecutivas (FE), que conforman un conjunto de procesos cognitivos de orden superior, cuyo desarrollo está fuertemente asociado a la plasticidad cerebral dependiente de la experiencia. El presente artículo constituye una revisión del vínculo hallado entre las PC y el desarrollo de las FE durante la infancia. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los diferentes diseños utilizados para el estudio de la relación entre ambos constructos, confrontando los resultados de las distintas investigaciones. Se concluye señalando que la diversidad metodológica y operativa de los estudios analizados no permite efectuar una afirmación definitiva respecto del vínculo entre las PC y el desarrollo de FE. Por tal motivo, se plasmarán algunas consideraciones metodológicas que podrían clarificar el vínculo entre ambos constructos.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Aron, A. R. (2008). Progress in executive-function research. From tasks to functions to regions to networks. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 124-129.

2. Bayley, N. (1969). Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Nueva York, EUA: Psychological Corporation.

3. Berg, W. K. & Byrd, D. L. (2002). The Tower of London spatial problem solving task: Enhancing clinical and research implementation. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 586-604.

4. Bernier, A., Carlson, S. M., & Whipple, N. (2010). From external regulation to self-regulation: Early parenting. Child Development, 81(1), 326-339.

5. Bhanji, J. P., Beer, J. S., & Bunge, S. A. (2010). Taking a gamble or playing by the rules: Dissociable prefrontal systems implicated in probabilistic versus deterministic rule-based decisions. NeuroImage Virtual Special Issue: Decision-making, Reward and Error, 49, 1810-1819.

6. Bibok, M. (2007). Social interactive quality of parent child scaffolding as a predictor of children´s executive functions. Canada: Simon Fraser University Library.

7. Bibok, M. B., Carpendale, J. I., & Müller, U. (2009). Parental scaffolding and the development of executive function. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 123, 17-34.

8. Bornstein, M. H., Hendricks, C. O., Haynes, M., & Painter, K. M. (2007). Maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness: Associations with social context, maternal characteristics and child characteristics in a multivariate analysis. Infancy, 12, 189-223.

9. Bunge, S. A. & Crone, E. A. (2009). Neural correlates of the development of cognitive control. En J. Rumsey & M. Ernst (Eds.), Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience. EUA: Cambridge University Press.

10. Bunge, S. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Thomason, M. E., Vaidya, C. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Immature frontal lobe contributions to cognitive control in children: evidence from fMRI. Neuron, 33, 301-11.

11. Burgess, P. W., Alderman, N., Forbes, C., Costello, A., Coates, L. M-A., Dawson, D. R. Anderson, N. D., Gilbert, S. J., Dumontheil, I., & Channon, S. (2006). The case for the development and use of “ecologically valid” measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12(2), 194-209.

12. Calkins, S. D., Hungerford, A., & Dedmon, S. (2004). Mothers’ interactions with temperamentally frustrated infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25, 219-239.

13. Carlson, S. M. (2005). Developmentally sensitive measures of executive function in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28, 585-615.

14. Carlson, S. M. (2009). Social origins of executive function development. New Directions in Child and Adolescent Development, 123, 87-98.

15. Carlson, S. M., Mandell, D. J., & Williams, L. (2004). Executive functions and theory of mind: Stability and prediction from age 2 to 3. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1105-1122.

16. Crone, E. A., Wendelken, C., Donohue, S., van Leijenhorst, L., & Bunge, S. A.

17. (2006). Neurocognitive development of the ability to manipulate information in working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 103(24), 9315-9320.

18. De Bellis, M. D. (2005). The psychobiology of neglect. Child Maltreatment, 10, 150-172.

19. Diamond, A. & Doar, B. (1989). The performance of human infants on a measure of frontal cortex function, the delayed response task. Developmental Psychobiology, 22, 271-294.

20. Dilworth-Bart, J. E., Poehlmann, J. A., Miller, K. E., & Hilgendorf, A. E. (2010). Do mothers’ play behaviors moderate the associations between socioeconomic status and 24-month neurocognitive outcomes of toddlers born preterm or with low birth weight? Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22, 1-12.

21. Dilworth-Bart, J. E., Poehlmann, J. A., Hilgendorf, A. E. Miller, K. E., & Lambert, H. (2009). Maternal scaffolding and preterm toddlers’ visual-spatial processing and emerging working memory. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35, 209-220.

22. Eisenberg, N., Zhou, Q., Losoya, S. H., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Murphy, B. C., Reiser, M., Guthrie, I. K., & Cumberland, A. (2003). The relations of parenting, effortful control, and ego control to children’s emotional expressivity. Child Development, 74, 875-895.

23. Eisenberg, N., Zhou, Q., Spinrad, T. L., Valiente, C., Fabes, R. A., & Liew, J. (2005). Relations among positive parenting, children’s effortful control, and externalizing problems: a threewave longitudinal study. Child Development, 76, 1055-1071.

24. Garon, N., Bryson, S. E., & Smith, I. M. (2008). Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 31-60.

25. Gerard, A. B. (1994). Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI). Manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

26. Gerardi-Caulton, G. (2000). Sensitivity to spatial conflict and the development of self-regulation in children 24±36 months of age. Developmental Science, 3, 397-404.

27. Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). Behavior rating inventory of executive function± parent form. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

28. Grant, D. A. & Berg, G. A. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 404-411.

29. Hane, A. A. & Fox, N. A. (2006). Ordinary variations in maternal caregiving influence human infants’ stress reactivity. Psychological Science, 17, 550-556.

30. Heaton, R., Chelune, G., Talley, J., Kay, G., Curtiss, G. (1997). Test de Clasificación de Tarjetas de Wisconsin. Manual. Madrid, España: TEA.

31. Hughes, C. & Ensor, R. (2005). Executive function and theory of mind in 2 year-olds: A family affair? Developmental Neuropsychology, 28, 645-668.

32. Hughes, C. & Ensor. R. A. (2009). How do families help or hinder the emergence of early executive function? New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 123, 35-50.

33. Hughes, C. & Russell, J. (1993). Autistic children’s difficulty with mental disengagement from an object: Its implications for theories of autism. Developmental Psychology, 29, 498-510.

34. Huizinga, M., Dolan, C., & van der Molen, M. (2006). Agerelated change in executive function: Developmental trends and a latent variable analysis. Neuropsychologia, 44, 2017-2036.

35. Kanat-Maymon, M. & Assor, A. (2010). Perceived maternal control and responsiveness to distress as predictors of young adults’ empathic responses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 33-46.

36. Kochanska, G., Murray, K. T., & Harlan, E. T. (2000). Effortful control in early childhood: Continuity and change, antecedents, and implications for social development. Developmental Psychology, 36, 220-232.

37. Krikorian, R., Bartok, J., & Gay, N. (1994). Tower of London procedure: a standard method and developmental data. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16(6), 840-50.

38. Landry, S. H., Miller-Loncar, C. L., Smith, K. E., & Swank, P. R. (2002).The role of early parenting in children’s development of executive processes. Developmental Neuropsychology, 21, 15-41.

39. Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., Swank, P. R., & Miller-Loncar, C. L. (2000). Early maternal and child influences on children’s later independent cognitive and social functioning. Child Development, 71, 358-375.

40. Lezak, M. D. (1982). The problem of assessing executive functions. International Journal of Psychology, 17, 281-97.

41. Lugo-Gil, J. & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2008). Family resources and parenting quality: links to children’s cognitive development across the first 3 years. Child Development, 79, 1065- 1085.

42. Luria, A. R. (1974). El cerebro en acción. Barcelona, España: Fontanella.

43. Metcalfe, J. & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106, 3-19.

44. Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1984). Family environment scale manual (3th ed.). Palo Alto, CA, EUA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

45. Narusyte, J., Neiderhiser, J. M., Andershed, A. K., D’Onofrio, B. M., Reiss, D., Spotts, E., Ganiban, J., & Lichtenstein, P. (2011). Parental criticism and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents: The role of environment and genotypeenvironment correlation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(2), 365-376.

46. Overman, W. H., Bachevalier, J., Schuhmann, E., & Ryan, P. (1996). Cognitive gender differences in very young children parallel biologically based cognitive gender differences in monkeys. Behavioral Neuroscience, 110, 673-684.

47. Roid, G. (2003a). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (5th ed.). Itasca, IL, EUA: Riverside Publishing.

48. Roid, G. (2003b). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (5th ed.). Technical Manual. Itasca, IL, EUA: Riverside Publishing.

49. Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 298, 199-209.

50. Sheese, B. E., Voelker, P. M., Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I. (2007). Parenting quality interacts with genetic variation in dopamine receptor DRD4 to influence temperament in early childhood. Developmental and Psychopathology, 19, 1039-1046.

51. Schroeder, V. M. & Kelley, M. L. (2009). Family environment and parent-child relationships as related to executive functioning in children. Early Child Development and Care, 180(10), 1285-1298.

52. Stelzer, F., Cervigni, M. A., & Martino, P. (2010). Bases neurales del desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas durante la infancia y adolescencia. Una revisión. Revista Chilena de Neuropsicología, 5, 176-184.

53. Thorndike, R. L., Hagen, E. P., & Sattler, J. M. (1986). Guide for administering and scoring the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth edition. Chicago. EUA: Riverside Publishing.

54. Vanderwert, R. E., Marshall, P. J., Nelson, C. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Fox, N. A. (2010).Timing of intervention affects brain electrical activity in children exposed to severe psychosocial neglect. PLoS ONE 5(7) : e11415. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011415 54. Voelker, P., Sheese, B. E., Rothbart, M., & Posner, M. I. (2009). Variations in catechol-o-methyltransferase gene interact with parenting to influence attention in early development. Neuroscience, 164, 121-30.

55. Welsh, M. C., Satterlee-Cartmell, T Zelazo, P. D. (2006). The Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS): A method of assessing executive function in children. Nature Protocols, 1, 297-301.