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ISSN 0864-0289 (Impreso)

2016, Número 3

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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2016; 32 (3)


Aislamiento y caracterización de células mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo

Galván CJA, Miranda RA, de León DJ, Macías AC, Baganet CA, Rondón CT, González IAI, Socarras FBB, Bencomo HA, Rivero JRA, Hernández RP

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 375-387
Archivo PDF: 229.95 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Existe un creciente interés científico en el potencial terapéutico de las células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo (ADSCs, en inglés). Estas células son abundantes en el tejido adiposo, son de fácil obtención y con un alto potencial de diferenciación hacia linajes celulares especializados incluyendo adipocitos, osteocitos, condrocitos, miocitos, cardiomiocitos, tenocitos, vasos sanguíneos y neuronas. Este trabajo se desarrolló con el objetivo de implementar en el laboratorio un procedimiento para aislar y cultivar ADSCs, con características que corresponden a las informadas para este linaje celular.
Método: los precursores de células adiposas humanas se obtuvieron de tejido subcutáneo abdominal. Las células se separaron enzimáticamente del tejido y se decantaron por centrifugación, luego de cultivadas, se caracterizaron en su capacidad de diferenciación y por su marcadores fenotípicos.
Resultados: Las ADSCs aisladas se replicaron en estas condiciones de cultivo y mantuvieron un fenotipo estable durante todo el período de estudio. Se comprobó su potencial adipogénico y osteogénico in vitro, como corresponde a las células madre mesenquimales. El estudio por citometría de flujo mostró que estas células expresan CD73, CD90 y CD105 y son negativas para los marcadores de linaje hematopoyético CD34 y CD45. En los ensayos de inhibición in vitro, las ADSCs demostraron su capacidad para inhibir la proliferación de células T humanas.
Conclusiones: La caracterización fenotípica y funcional de las ADSCs obtenidas a partir del tejido adiposo abdominal demuestra que es posible la obtención mediante cultivo in vitro de células mesenquimales humanas sin inducir diferenciación espontánea, manteniendo su integridad funcional y altos niveles de proliferación, lo que sienta las bases para el inicio de ensayos preclínicos y su uso futuro en la terapia celular en nuestro país.


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