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2016, Número 2

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Rev Acta Médica 2016; 17 (2)


Diagnóstico y clasificación de los trastornos nutricionales del paciente hospitalizado

Barceló AM, Barreto PJ, Martínez GC, Espinosa BA, Núñez VM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 68
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 183.87 Kb.


RESUMEN

La desnutrición y la obesidad son prevalentes en el escenario hospitalario y a ellas se asocian resultados no deseados como: prolongación de la estadía, complicaciones, reingresos y mortalidad. Hoy en día queda claro que la existencia de trastornos nutricionales en el momento de ingreso, unida a la presencia simultánea de varios componentes de los cuidados nutricionales hospitalarios, como la visita de los nutricionistas, ingreso alimentario y terapia nutricional, pueden influir positivamente sobre la estadía y los resultados exitosos midiendo indicadores trazadores específicos. La desnutrición hospitalaria es un problema global que actualmente se puede detectar sistemáticamente y, en consecuencia, combatir con eficacia; alcanza cifras de prevalencia que oscilan entre 25 y 55 %, las que llegan a un 70 % cuando se suman los pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Estas cifras son independientes del nivel de atención de salud, la región geográfica y el producto interno bruto. Cuba no escapa a esta realidad. Se debe establecer las "Buenas Prácticas de Alimentación y Nutrición", así como crear las alianzas de todo tipo que sean necesarias entre el SNC-GAN, los grupos básicos de trabajo, la Dirección y la Administración del centro para desarrollar sistemas que permitan la detección precoz de pacientes en riesgo, su diagnóstico, clasificación y registro, así como una intervención efectiva. En el presente artículo se evalúa de forma concreta aspectos etiológicos, clínicos y diagnósticos de los trastornos nutricionales, con el propósito de identificar los aspectos relevantes conocidos, los desconocidos y los controvertidos sobre la desnutrición en los pacientes hospitalizados.


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