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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2016, Número 5

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2016; 17 (5)


Función del intercambiador sodio calcio (NCX) en la hipoxia neuronal y la neuroprotección

Sánchez JC, García-Cuevas AM, Arroyave DCD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 60-69
Archivo PDF: 407.72 Kb.


RESUMEN

El intercambiador sodio calcio (NCX) es un transportador de membrana fundamental para la homeostasis del Ca2+ intracelular, debido a su capacidad de realizar el intercambio iónico de Ca2+ hacia dentro y fuera de la célula dependiendo del gradiente electroquímico. La regulación del NCX es compleja y no completamente comprendida. Existen tres isoformas de este transportador, todas ellas implicadas en procesos de supervivencia neuronal. En neuronas sometidas a hipoxia, la inhibición de NCX aumenta la muerte neuronal; en cambio, la estimulación de NCX protege a las neuronas del daño hipóxico y disminuye el tamaño del infarto en modelos animales. Se han desarrollado moléculas con capacidad de estimular NCX y podrían ser el cimiento para futuras estrategias de neuroprotección; sin embargo, se requiere más investigación para entender la regulación de NCX en situaciones de estrés fisiológico y su importancia en el mecanismo de diversos agentes asociado a neuroprotección o neurotoxicidad. El NCX es un potencial blanco terapéutico en los estados de hipoxia neuronal que requiere más estudios para determinar la efectividad de su manipulación farmacológica, pero también es necesario determinar la relevancia que poseen otros mecanismos de transporte de Ca2+ en la hipoxia neuronal, para generar estrategias de neuroprotección clínicamente efectivas.


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