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ISSN 0016-3813 (Impreso)

2016, Número 4

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Gac Med Mex 2016; 152 (4)


Glucotransportadores (GLUT): Aspectos clínicos, moleculares y genéticos

Sandoval-Muñiz RJ, Vargas-Guerrero B, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Gurrola-Díaz CM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 547-557
Archivo PDF: 753.32 Kb.


RESUMEN

La oxidación de la glucosa es la fuente más importante de obtención de energía para la célula, proceso que requiere transportar la glucosa al interior de la célula. No obstante, la membrana celular no es permeable a moléculas polares como la glucosa, por lo cual, su internalización debe llevarse a cabo mediante proteínas transportadoras acopladas a la membrana. En células eucariotas, existen dos tipos de proteínas transportadoras: 1) los cotransportadores de Na+-glucosa (SGLT) en los cuales el ion Na+ aporta la energía motriz para la internalización de la glucosa, y 2) los GLUT, que actúan por difusión facilitada. Esta revisión se centrará en los 14 GLUT que hasta el momento se han descrito. A pesar de la homología estructural de los GLUT, las alteraciones genéticas en estos provocan diferentes entidades clínicas específicas. El objetivo de esta revisión es concentrar la información molecular y bioquímica disponible sobre cada GLUT, y el abordaje clínico de los síndromes y patologías asociados con alteraciones en la expresión de los GLUT.


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