medigraphic.com
ISSN 2007-2783 (Impreso)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Científico Pfizer

2016, Número 2

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Residente 2016; 11 (2)


Trombosis en mieloma múltiple hemostasia y citocinas implicadas

Martínez-Acosta G, Zermeño-González ML, Robles-Espinoza AI, Trujillo-Quiros J, Nava-Zavala AH, Rubio-Jurado B

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 71-80
Archivo PDF: 315.80 Kb.


RESUMEN

El mieloma múltiple es una neoplasia que se origina por un desorden en la proliferación de células plasmáticas, se caracteriza por la producción de una proteína monoclonal en la sangre o en la orina y por la disfunción de algún órgano asociado. Sus manifestaciones clínicas se relacionan con el daño a órgano blanco, como son hipercalcemia, insuficiencia renal, anemia y lesiones óseas. La incidencia es de tres a cuatro casos por 100 mil/h, representa 1% de todas las neoplasias y 10% de las neoplasias hematológicas. La hemostasia es un mecanismo de defensa cuya finalidad es conservar la integridad vascular y evitar la pérdida de sangre mediante cambios fisiológicos que conducen a la formación de un trombo hemostático, reparar el daño y finalmente disolver el coágulo. De manera concomitante sucede la hemostasia primaria (interacción de plaquetas y endotelio) y la hemostasia secundaria (participación de los factores de coagulación), el modelo celular de la coagulación integra la fase celular. Existe un estado de hipercoagulabilidad en el cáncer en el que interactúan elementos del sistema de la hemostasia con células tumorales, endotelio, plaquetas, monocitos y neutrófilos. Las proteínas procoagulantes del cáncer, las proteínas fibrinolíticas, las citocinas y los factores de crecimiento endotelial son algunos elementos que participan. La enfermedad tromboembólica es más frecuente en el cáncer con un riesgo 4.3 veces mayor que en la población general y en mieloma múltiple, hasta 30% de los pacientes puede presentarla durante su historia natural, lo cual se relaciona con el tratamiento (inmunomoduladores, esteroides, alquilantes) y la interacción con factores trombóticos adquiridos.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351: 1860-1873. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2005; 352: 1163.

  2. Talamo G, Farooq U, Zangari M, Liao J, Dolloff NG, Loughran TP Jr et al. Beyond the CRAB symptoms: a study of presenting clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2010; 10 (6): 464-468.

  3. Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, Lust JA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A et al. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003; 78: 21-33.

  4. Anderson KC, Alsina M, Bensinger W, Biermann JS, Chanan-Khan A, Comenzo RL et al. Multiple Myeloma. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007; 5 (2): 118-147.

  5. Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Ruiz-Argüelles GJ. Genetic predisposition for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008; 83: 601-603.

  6. Ruiz-Argüelles GJ, Gómez-Rangel D, Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Aguilar-Romero L. Multiple myeloma in Mexico: a single institution, twenty-year experience. Arch Med Res. 2004; 35: 163-167.

  7. Yeh HS, Berenson JR. Myeloma bone disease and treatment options. Eur J Cancer. 2006; 42: 1554-1563.

  8. Ludwig H, van Belle S, Barrett-Lee P, Birgegard G, Bokemeyer C, Gascon P et al. The European Cancer Anaemia Survey (ECAS): a large, multinational, prospective survey defining the prevalence, incidence, and treatment of anaemia in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 2004; 40: 2293-2306.

  9. Blade J, Rosinol L. Renal, hematologic and infectious complications in multiple myeloma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2005; 18: 635-652.

  10. Mehta J, Singhal S. Hyperviscosity syndrome in plasma cell dyscrasias. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003; 29: 467-471.

  11. Abdi J, Engels F, Garssen J, Redegeld F. The role of toll-like receptor mediated signalling in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011; 80: 225-240.

  12. Molina-Garrido MJ, Guillén-Ponce C, Guirado-Risueño M, Martínez y Sevila C, Carrato-Mena A. Diagnóstico diferencial de las gammapatías monoclonales. An Med Interna (Madrid). 2006; 23: 546-551.

  13. The International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol. 2003; 121: 749-775.

  14. Durie BG, Salmon SE. A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma: correlation of measured myeloma cell mass with presenting clinical features, response to treatment, and survival. Cancer. 1975; 36: 842-854.

  15. Greipp PR, San Miguel J, Durie BG, Crowley JJ, Barlogie B, Blade J et al. International staging system for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23: 3412-3420.

  16. Bologa RM, Levine DM, Parker TS, Cheigh JS, Serur D, Stenzel KH et al. Interleukin-6 predicts hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia, and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998; 32: 107-114.

  17. Lauta VM. Interleukin-6 and the network of several cytokines in multiple myeloma: an overview of clinical and experimental data. Cytokine. 2001; 16: 79-86.

  18. Klein J, Sato A. The HLA system-first of two parts. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 702-709.

  19. Bataille R, Durie BG, Grenier J. Serum beta 2 microglobulin and survival duration in multiple myeloma: a simple reliable marker for staging. Br J Haematol. 1983; 55: 439-447.

  20. Quintero-Parada E, Sabater-Recolons MM, Chimenos-Kustner E, López-López J. Hemostasia y tratamiento odontológico. Av Odontoestomatol. 2004; 20 (5): 247-261.

  21. Furie B, Furie BC. Mechanisms of thrombus formation. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 938-949.

  22. Rubio-Jurado B, Salazar-Páramo M, Medrano-Múnoz F, González-Ojeda A, Nava A. Thrombophilia, autoimmunity, and perioperative thromboprophylaxis. Cir Cir. 2007 Jul-Aug;75(4):313-21. Review. Spanish. PubMed PMID: 18053365

  23. Páramo JA, Panizo E, Pegenaute C, Lecumberri R. Coagulación 2009: una visión moderna de la hemostasia. Rev Med Univ Navarra. 2009; 53 (1): 19-23.

  24. López-Pedrera C, Barbarrola N, Velasco F. Patogenia de la trombosis asociada a enfermedades neoplásicas: implicaciones terapéuticas. Med Clin (Barc). 2004; 122 (5): 190-196.

  25. López-Pedrera C, Jardí M, Malagón MM, Inglés-Esteve J, Dorado G, Torres A et al. Involvement of tissue factor (TF) and urokinase receptor (uPAR) in bleeding complications of leukemic patients. Thromb Haemost. 1997; 77: 62-70.

  26. van Genderen PJ, Michiels JJ. Erythromelalgia: a pathognomonic microvascular thrombotic complication in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Sem Thromb Hemost. 1997; 23: 357-362.

  27. Newton HB. Neurologic complications of systemic cancer. Am Fam Physician. 1999; 59: 878-886.

  28. Arboix A. Cerebrovascular disease in the cancer patient. Rev Neurol. 2000; 31: 1250-1252.

  29. Donati MB, Falanga A. Pathogenetic mechanism of thrombosis in malignancy. Acta Haematol. 2001; 106: 18-24.

  30. Falanga A. Tumor cell prothrombotic properties. Haemostasis. 2001; 31 Suppl 1: 1-4.

  31. López C, Barbarroja N, Velasco F. Patogenia de la trombosis asociada a enfermedades neoplásicas: implicaciones terapéuticas. Med Clin (Barc). 2004; 122 (5): 190-196.

  32. Delfina A. Hemostasia y cáncer: participación del mecanismo de la coagulación en el cáncer. Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter. 2005; 21 (2).

  33. López-Pedrera C, Barbarrola N, Velasco F. Patogenia de la trombosis asociada a enfermedades neoplásicas: implicaciones terapéuticas. Med Clin (Barc). 2004; 122 (5): 190-196.

  34. Rickles FR, Falanga A. Molecular basis for the relationship between thrombosis and cancer. Thromb Res. 2001; 102 Suppl 1: 5215-5224.

  35. Falanga A, Russo L, Verzeroli C. Mechanisms of thrombosis in cancer. Thromb Res. 2013; 131 Suppl 1: S59-S62.

  36. Zwicker J, Furie B, Furie B. Cancer-associated thrombosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007; 62 (2): 126-136.

  37. Du T, Tan Z. Relationship between deep venous thrombosis and inflammatory cytokines in postoperative patients with malignant abdominal tumors. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2014; 47 (11): 1003-1007.

  38. Malaponte G, Signorelli S, Bevelacqua V, Polesel J, Taborelli M, Guarneri C et al. Increased levels of NF-kB-dependent markers in cancer-associated deep venous thrombosis. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (7): e0132496.

  39. Esmon CT. Possible involvement of cytokines in diffuse intravascular coagulation and thrombosis. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1994; 7: 453-468.

  40. Minnema MC, Fijnheer R, De Groot PG, Lokhorst HM. Extremely high levels of von Willebrand factor antigen and of procoagulant factor VIII found in multiple myeloma patients are associated with activity status but not with thalidomide treatment. J Thromb Haemost. 2003; 1: 445-449.

  41. Jiménez-Zepeda VH, Domínguez-Martínez VJ. Acquired activated protein C resistance and trombosis in myeloma patients. Thromb J. 2006; 4: 11.

  42. van Marion AM, Auwerda JJ, Minnema MC, van Oosterom R, Adelmeijer J, de Groot PG et al. Hypofibrinolysis during induction treatment of multiple myeloma may increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 2005; 94: 1341-1343.

  43. Auwerda JA, Yuana Y, Osanto S, de Maat MP, Sonneveld P, Bertina RM et al. Microparticle-associated tissue factor activity and venous thrombosis in multiple myeloma. Thromb Haemost. 2011; 105 (1): 14-20.

  44. Leebeek FW, Kruip MJ, Sonneveld P. Risk and management of thrombosis in multiple myeloma. Thromb Res. 2012; 129 Suppl 1: S88-S892.

  45. Choo G, Radvanyi L. The IL-2 cytokine family in cancer immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2014; 25 (4): 377-390.

  46. Connoly G, Phipps R, Francis C. Platelets and cancer-associated thrombosis. Semin Oncol. 2014; 41: 302-310.

  47. Ortmann CA, Kent DG, Nangalia J, Silber Y, Wedge DC, Grinfeld J et al. Effect of mutation order on myeloproliferative neoplasms. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372 (7): 601-612.

  48. Blom JW, Doggen CJ, Osanto S, Rosendaal FR. Malignancies, prothrombotic mutations, and the risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA. 2005; 293 (6): 715-722.

  49. Osman K, Comenzo R, Rajkumar SV. Deep venous thrombosis and thalidomide therapy for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344 (25): 1951-1952.

  50. Baz R, Li L, Kottke-Marchant K, Srkalovic G, McGowan B, Yiannaki E et al. The role of aspirin in the prevention of thrombotic complications of thalidomide and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005; 80: 1568-1574.

  51. Fox EA, Kahn SR. The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis. A systematic review of clinical studies. Thromb Haemost. 2005; 94 (2): 362-365.

  52. Zangari M, Saghafifar F, Mehta P, Barlogie B, Fink L, Tricot G. The blood coagulation mechanism in multiple myeloma. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003; 29 (3): 275-282.

  53. Auwerda JA, Sonneveld P, De Maat MP, Leebeek FW. Prothrombotic coagulation abnormalities in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Heamatologica. 2007; 92: 279-280.

  54. Sallah S, Husain A, Wan J, Vos P, Nguyen NP. The risk of venous thromboembolic disease in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Ann Oncol. 2004; 15 (10): 1490-1494.

  55. Musallam KM, Dahdaleh FS, Shamseddine AI, Taher AT. Incidence and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic events in multiple myeloma patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy. Thromb Res. 2009; 123 (5): 679-686.

  56. Leleu X. Thrombosis in myeloma multiple treated with IMiDs. Thromb Res. 2012; 130 Suppl 1: S63-S65.

  57. Dimopoulos MA, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou V. Adverse effects of thalidomide administration in patients with neoplastic diseases. Am J Med. 2004; 100: 3063-3067.

  58. Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Collander N, Fonseca R, Vesole D, Williams M et al. Phase III trial of lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone vs lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2007; 11 (1): 29-37.

  59. Zangari M, Barlogie B, Cavallo F, Bolejack V, Fink L, Tricot G. Effect on survival of treatment-associated venous thromboembolism in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2007; 18 (7): 595-598.

  60. Zangari M, Fink L, Zhan F, Tricot G. Low venous thromboembolic risk with bortezomib in multiple myeloma and potential protective effect with thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy: review of data from phase 3 trials and studies of novel combination regimens. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2011; 11 (2): 228-236.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com