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2015, Número 6

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Salud Mental 2015; 38 (6)


Descripción de trayectorias aculturativas y sus implicaciones en salud en 12 mujeres deportadas que se inyectan drogas

Rodriguez-Montejano S, Ojeda VD, Valles-Medina AM, Vargas-Ojeda A

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 409-416
Archivo PDF: 203.32 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción Entre 1999-2007, EE.UU. deportó a 4.8 millones de migrantes a México; de éstos, 1.1 millones fueron deportados a la ciudad fronteriza de Tijuana, B.C. Los deportados a menudo son devueltos a comunidades desconocidas donde pueden experimentar factores estresantes, emocionales y económicos, que pueden aumentar la probabilidad de involucrarse en conductas de riesgo.
Objetivo Este estudio exploratorio describe las experiencias de mujeres mexicanas que se inyectan drogas en su proceso de adaptación y su ambiente posterior a su deportación.
Método En 2008, se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas en Tijuana a 12 mujeres deportadas de EE.UU. El marco teórico utilizado para el análisis de las entrevistas fue el estrés aculturativo y el capital social relacionado con el riesgo para adquirir VIH tomando en cuenta la perspectiva de género.
Resultados Encontramos que la experiencia del estrés aculturativo causado por la deportación de las mujeres entrevistadas pudo condicionar su participación en conductas de alto riesgo para VIH (ejemplo: sexo sin protección, trabajo sexual). Las mujeres reportaron posteriormente, a su deportación un acceso limitado para apoyo social y redes sociales sanas. La discriminación o la falta de una identificación oficial desafiaron el reasentamiento de las mujeres y probablemente contribuyeron a sus vulnerabilidades económicas y de salud.
Discusión y conclusión Estos resultados preliminares sugieren que los deportados podrían beneficiarse de los servicios organizados de repatriación, incluidos los exámenes de salud mental. Intervenciones a nivel macro que aborden el estigma y faciliten la integración económica de los deportados podrían ayudar a impedir su participación en conductas de riesgo.


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