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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2005, Número 2

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Rev Invest Clin 2005; 57 (2)


El estudio del donador vivo para trasplante renal

Gabilondo F, Gabilondo B, Arroyo C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 77
Paginas: 195-205
Archivo PDF: 96.17 Kb.


RESUMEN

Actualmente, por la falta de órganos para trasplante renal provenientes de cadáveres, y debido al largo tiempo de espera por un riñón, existe una tendencia a realizar trasplantes renales utilizando riñones procedentes de donadores vivos. La mayoría de los donadores son familiares del receptor. La donación de órganos debe considerarse como un regalo con un valor extraordinario y debe facilitarse a los candidatos a donación. En todo el mundo se ha observado un aumento en el número de personas en la lista de espera para un trasplante renal. El trasplante renal de donador vivo se considera actualmente como el mejor método de tratamiento en pacientes con insuficiencia renal terminal, debido a que ofrece la mayor supervivencia a corto y largo plazos. En vista de que existen diferencias significativas en los criterios de selección y evaluación de los donadores renales, en especial en un grupo selecto de pacientes añosos o con enfermedades asociadas, es indispensable establecer criterios mínimos de selección. Todos los donadores deberán contar con una historia clínica completa y exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete que permitan su evaluación integral. Estos estudios se describen con detalle en este artículo. También se discuten los criterios para donadores renales con ciertas comorbilidades (obesos, hipertensos, hiperglucémicos, con litiasis y neoplasias) que previamente se descartaban como candidatos para donación.


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