Mancilla-Urrea E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 206-212
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RESUMEN

El paciente candidato a trasplante renal puede sensibilizarse hacia su donador cuando se expone a antígenos humanos leucocitarios (HLA) no propios principalmente durante las siguientes circunstancias: embarazo, transfusiones sanguíneas y trasplante previo. La realización de trasplantes en este tipo de pacientes representa un reto para el grupo médico y comités encargados de asignar los órganos, por lo que generalmente este tipo de pacientes permanecen en listas de espera por años e incluso pueden nunca ser trasplantados. Múltiples procedimientos terapéuticos han sido desarrollados con la finalidad de permitir la realización del trasplante en estos pacientes, siendo los principales: plasmaféresis, inmunoadsorción, inmunoglobulina intravenosa, agentes antitimocíticos, anticuerpos monoclonales (antiCD20) y esplenectomía. Estos procedimientos terapéuticos han permitido a ciertos grupos de trasplante obtener resultados similares a los observados en pacientes trasplantados no sensibilizados aunque el riesgo para rechazo severo o recurrente sigue siendo mayor, lo cual puede tener implicaciones negativas en la sobrevida a largo plazo. De lo anteriormente expuesto se concluye que una prueba cruzada positiva no necesariamente es una contraindicación absoluta para la realización de un trasplante.

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