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2000, Número 4

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Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex 2000; 13 (4)


Aspectos inmunogenéticos de la tuberculosis pulmonar

Zúñiga RJA, Pérez LE, Quiroz V, Vargas-Alarcón G, García A, Olvera R, Navarro C, Camarena A, Granados J, Selman LM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 88
Paginas: 240-247
Archivo PDF: 158.52 Kb.


RESUMEN

La tuberculosis tiene una elevada tasa de morbilidad y causa aproximadamente 3 millones de muertes cada año en todo el mundo. Los estudios de la infección por M. tuberculosis han revelado la presencia de factores ambientales y genéticos determinantes en la fisiopatogenia de la tuberculosis. Algunos genes como los del sistema HLA y el TNF-α localizados dentro del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad, entre otros, se han asociado con la susceptibilidad a la tuberculosis en distintos grupos étnicos. En la población mexicana se ha observado que la susceptibilidad a la tuberculosis pulmonar está determinada por los alelos HLA-DRB1 1501, HLA-DQA1 0101 y DQB1 0501. Por otro lado, los individuos con mutaciones en el gen del receptor 1 de IFN-g tienen defectos en el control de infecciones causadas por micobacterias. Hay otros genes que parecen estar involucrados en la susceptibilidad o resistencia a la tuberculosis, algunos de ellos son el receptor de la vitamina D, el gen NRAMP-1 o el gen de la proteína quimiotáctica de macrófagos (MCP-1), entre otros. El estudio de los marcadores genéticos polimórficos en la tuberculosis es importante para definir los mecanismos de susceptibilidad a la infección o a la progresión clínica de la enfermedad.


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