2000, Número 4
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex 2000; 13 (4)
Fumadores involuntarios: Exposición pasiva al humo de tabaco en el ambiente
Tovar GVJ, López AFJ
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 233-239
Archivo PDF: 109.20 Kb.
RESUMEN
Se definen los conceptos de fumador activo, fumador involuntario, exposición pasiva al humo de tabaco en el ambiente, HC=mezcla del humo resultante de la combustión del producto del tabaco (pipa, cigarrillo, cigarro puro o charuto), CHEA= corriente de humo exhalada por el fumador activo, HC + CHEA + biomasa en el aire=HTA, composición del HTA, medida de la exposición al HTA, riesgos de la exposición al HTA, efectos del HTA en la salud colectiva: en los adultos sanos, en el desarrollo de los niños (antes y después del nacimiento), en las mujeres grávidas y en los familiares. Además, se discuten el impacto de los fumadores activos en los ambientes de la casa, el trabajo, estudio y lugares públicos.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man. Tobacco smoking. Lyon, France: World Health Organization; 1986; Vol. 38.
Weiss WI. Can you afford to hire smokers? Personnel Administrator. May 1981: 71-8.
White JR, Froeb WF. Small airways dysfunction in nosmokers chronically exposed to tobacco smoke. N Engl J Med 1980; 302: 720-723.
Weiss ST, Tager IB, Schenker M, Speozer FE. The health effects of involuntary smoking. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128: 933-942.
George RL, Kathryn HD. Passive smoking: The medical and economic issues. Am J Med 1992; 15; 93(1-A Suppl): 38S-42S.
National Research Council. Environmental tobacco smoke: Measuring exposures and assessing health risks. Washington DC: Natl Acad Press, 1986.
United States Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary smoking: A report of the surgeon general. Public Health Services, Center for Disease Control. DHHS Publ. No. (CDC) 87-8396. Washington DC: US GPO.
Newell GR. Health effects of indoor passive smoking. Cancer Bull 1986; 38: 315-316.
Roy JS. Respiratory irritation from environmental tobacco smoke. Arch Environ Health 1992;47:124-130.
Repace J. Exposure assessment in passive smoking. In: Environmental tobacco smoke: A compendium of information. Washington, DC: Indoor Air Division, Environmental Protection Agency, 1989.
Hoffmann D, Hoffmann I. The changing cigarette, 1950-1955. J Toxicol Environ Health 1997; 50: 307-364.
National Research Council. Environmental tobacco smoke: Measuring exposure and assessing health effects. Washington, DC: National Academic Press, 1986.
Glantz S, Parmley W. Passive smoking and heart disease. Circulation 1991; 83:1-12.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace: Lung cancer and other health effects. Cincinnati, Ohio. 1991, Publication (NIOSH) 91-108.
15 Schenker MB, Samet JM, Speizer FE. Risk factors for childhood respiratory disease. The effect of host factors and home environmental exposures. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128:1038-1043.
Rottman H. Über primäre lung encarcinoma (On primary lung carcinoma). (Inaugural dissertation) Universität Würzburg, 1898.
USA. Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS). The health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress. Washington, DC: US. DHHS, Public Health Service; 1989; DHHS Pub. No. (CDC) 89-8411.
USA. Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS). The health consequences of involuntary smoking. A report of the surgeon general. Washington, DC: US. DHHS, Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health, Office of Smoking and Health; 1986: DHHS Pub. Nº (PHS) 87-8398.
DHHS. A Report of the surgeon general: Reducing the health consequences of smoking. 25 years of progress. Washington: US. Department of Health and Human Services, 1989.
US. Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: Lung cancer and other disorders. EPA/600/006F. Washington: US, 1992.
Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health, HMSO. Report of the Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health. 001322124x. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1998.
Steenland K. Passive smoking and the risk of heart disease. JAMA 1992; 267: 94-99.
Witorch P. Respiratory effects. Annual meeting of toxicology forum. Washington, DC. 1990: 209-219.
National Research Council. Environmental tobacco smoke: Measuring exposure and assessing health effects. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: Lung cancer and other disorders. Washington, DC., 1992. Publication EPA/600//6-90/006F.
Robins J. Risk assessment-exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer. Appendix D in National Research Council. Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects. Washington: National Academy Press, 1986.
Repace JL, Lowrey AH. A Quantitative estimate of nonsmokers’ lung cancer risk from passive smoking. Environ Internat 1985;11: 3-22.
Doll R, Peto R. The causes of cancer: Quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. J Natl Cancer Inst 1981; 66: 1191-1308.
Van Steensel-Moll HA, Valkenburg HA, Vandenbroucke JP. Are maternal fertility problem related to childhood leukaemia? Int J Epidemiol 1985; 14: 555-559.
US. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary smoking. A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, Maryland, 1986: 1-359.
Haley N, Colosimo S, Axelrad C, Harris R, Sepkovic DW. Biochemical validations of self-reported exposure to ETS. Environ Res 1989; 49: 127-135.
Glantz S, Parmley W. Passive smoking and heart disease. Circulation 1991; 83: 1-12.
US. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services. Surgeon General. The health consequences of smoking: Cardiovascular disease. A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, Md, 1983.
US. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services Surgeon General. The health benefits of smoking cessation: A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, Md, 1990.
Tager IB, Weiss ST, Muñoz A, Rosner B, Speizer FE. Longitudinal study of the effects of maternal smoking on pulmonary function in children. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 699-703.
Speer F. Tobacco and the non-smoker: A study of subjective symptoms. Arch Environ Health 1968; 16: 443-446.
Eriksen MP. Smoking policies at Pacific Bell. Corp Comment 1987; 1: 24-34.
Hurschman LG, Brown BS, Guyton RG. The implications of sidestream smoke for cardiovascular health. J Environ Health 1981; 41: 145-149.
US. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: Cardiovascular disease. A report of the surgeon general. Public Health, Office on Smoking and Health. Washington, DC: US GPO.
Brinton LA, Blot WJ, Becker JA, Winn DM, Browder JP, Farmr JC Jr, et al. A case-control study of cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 119: 896-906.
Manning MD, Carroll BE. Some epidemiological aspects of leukemia in children. J Natl Cancer Inst 1957; 19: 1087-1094.
Hirayama T. Cancer mortality in nonsmoking women with smoking husbands based on a large-scale cohort study in Japan. Prev Med 1984; 13: 680-690.
Neutel CI, Buck C. Effect of smoking during pregnancy on the risk of cancer in children. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971; 47: 59-63.
Preston-Martin S, Yu MC, Benton B, Henderson BE. N-nitroso compounds and childhood brain tumors: A case-control study. Cancer Res 1982; 42: 5240-5245.
Sandler DP, Everson RB, Wilcox AJ. Passive smoking in adulthood and cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 37-48.
Sandler DP, Everson RB, Wilcox AJ, Browder JP. Cancer risk in adulthood from early life exposure to parents’ smoking. Am J Public Health 1985; 75: 487-492.
Sandler DP, Wilcox AJ, Everson RB. Cumulative effects of life-time passive smoking on cancer risk. Lancet 1985; 1: 312-314.
Stjernfeldt M, Berglund K, Lindsten J, Ludvigsson J. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer. Lancet 1986; 1: 1350-1352.
Jinot J, Bayard S. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: Epa’s weight-of-evidence analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 1994; 47: 339-349.
US. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services Surgeon General. The health benefits of smoking cessation: A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, Md, 1990.
Tager IB. Passive smoking and respiratory health in children–sophistry or cause for concern? Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133: 959-961.
Burchfiel CM, Higgins MW, Keller JB, Howatt WF, Butler WJ, Higgins ITT. Pasive smoking in childhood respiratory conditions and pulmonary functions in Tecumseh, Michigan. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133: 966-973.
US. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs. Health effects of passive smoking: Assessment of lung cancer in adults and respiratory disorders in children. May 1990. External Review Draft. Report No. EPA-600-6-90-006-A.