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2014, Número 4

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Ortho-tips 2014; 10 (4)


Sustitutos de tejido óseo

Cab CE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 208-217
Archivo PDF: 270.14 Kb.


RESUMEN

Se denomina biomaterial a los productos empleados para reproducir la función de tejidos vivos en los sistemas biológicos de forma segura, mecánicamente funcional y aceptable fisiológicamente, que son temporales o permanentemente implantados en el cuerpo y que tratan de restaurar el defecto existente y, en algún caso, conseguir la regeneración tisular. El biomaterial en contacto con tejidos vivos no debe producir en ellos ningún tipo de alteración, lo que limita las materias primas con las que se puede abordar su diseño. Sin embargo, los biomateriales constituyen un conjunto cuya principal característica es su gran diversidad. Entre ellos se incluyen metales, cerámicas, vidrios, acero y otras aleaciones metálicas, polímeros sintéticos de múltiples clases, polímeros naturales, tejidos biológicos modificados, etcétera. Junto a esta diversidad estructural existe otra funcional, ya que los biomateriales utilizados en cirugía cardiovascular son diferentes de los que se aplican en cirugía ortopédica, odontológica u oftalmológica y, a su vez, son distintos de los utilizados como suturas biodegradables o soportes para la liberación de medicamentos.


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