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2015, Número 1

<< Anterior

AMC 2015; 19 (1)


Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior

Álvarez LA, García LY

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 381.90 Kb.


RESUMEN

Fundamento: el ligamento cruzado anterior desempeña un papel muy importante en la estabilidad de la rodilla. La incidencia de esta afección es alta en pacientes que practican deportes de contacto y de no ser tratados de forma adecuada, los resultados son desfavorables.
Objetivo: profundizar en los factores necesarios para el tratamiento adecuado de enfermos con esta lesión y evitar las complicaciones.
Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 300 artículos publicados en Pubmed, Hinari y Medline mediante el localizador de información Endnote, de ellos se utilizaron 52 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 48 de ellas de los últimos cinco años donde se incluyeron seis libros.
Desarrollo: se discuten los aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico clínico e imaginológico. Se aborda la clasificación de esta lesión en cuanto a varios aspectos como: tiempo, lesión de ligamentos u ósea, aislada o combinada y parcial o total. Se mencionan los parámetros para obtener resultados satisfactorios al considerar factores como la edad del enfermo, lesiones asociadas y tiempo de la lesión. Se relacionan los requisitos para la selección del implante y se mostró las ventajas y desventajas de cada tipo de injerto. Las complicaciones de esta cirugía están relacionadas con la técnica quirúrgica y médicas.
Conclusiones: las lesiones del ligamento son entidades traumáticas que afectan por lo general a pacientes jóvenes. Para lograr un resultado satisfactorio en el tratamiento es necesario el conocimiento de su anatomía, clasificación, tipo de injerto a emplear según sus ventajas y desventajas.



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