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2015, Número 1

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2015; 58 (1)


Visión integral de la relación entre la infección por el VIH y el cáncer

Villegas VC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 88
Paginas: 13-28
Archivo PDF: 552.11 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La magnitud de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) trasciende el problema de salud que encierra, ya que constituye el terreno propicio para generar otros, emergentes y reemergentes, de igual o mayor repercusión. En tal sentido, el cáncer incrementa su incidencia, gravedad y mortalidad en los pacientes VIH positivos. Esta asociación se da en las áreas de la epidemiología, patogenia, fisiopatología, clínica y terapéutica.
Métodos: Para actualizar estas relaciones se realizó una amplia revisión documental, aplicándose métodos teóricos como análisis y síntesis y el histórico lógico.
Desarrollo: El nexo más evidenciado en la génesis y desarrollo del cáncer, fue la disfunción del sistema inmune, mediante la inmunodeficiencia e inflamación crónica que induce el VIH. La complejidad de ambas enfermedades presupone un desafío a la hora de manejarlas clínica y terapéuticamente, por lo que se requiere un cambio de paradigma por parte de los servicios de salud. Sin embargo, no todos los elementos surgidos de la revisión son desfavorecedores, varios hallazgos en la conducta muestran beneficios para el paciente VIH positivo con cáncer. Asimismo, la prevención del cáncer en ellos es posible.
Conclusiones: Las relaciones entre el VIH y el cáncer están sustentadas epidemiológicamente, además, existen evidencias de causalidad del VIH como favorecedor de la aparición de neoplasias malignas a nivel celular y molecular en sus patogenias. Sin embargo, no todo es negativo, hay evidencias de beneficios mutuos al abordar estos problemas de salud.


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