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Órgano Oficial de la Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia Pediátrica

2014, Número 1

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Rev Mex Ortop Ped 2014; 16 (1)


Sustitutos óseos en ortopedia. Las sales de calcio y la matriz ósea desmineralizada

Álvarez MR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 103
Paginas: 11-19
Archivo PDF: 161.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

Desde el punto de vista de los biomateriales; el hueso es una estructura compuesta, anisotrópica, porosa, que contiene células óseas y vasos sanguíneos embebidos en una matriz bifásica, formado por una combinación de mineral óseo, osteoide y células, que le dan al hueso su dureza, tenacidad y capacidad de regeneración. En cambio los biomateriales son todos aquellos insumos médicos obtenidos de manera sintética o natural (tejidos cadavéricos), destinados a ser utilizados para interconectarse con los sistemas biológicos, con el fin de reparar, aumentar o reemplazar al hueso humano, cumpliendo con ciertas características como son la biocompatibilidad, bioactividad, biomimetismo, biosensibilidad, bioabsorción, biodegradación, además de su osteoinducción, osteoconducción y osteointegración. Así en esta revisión se nombrarán las aplicaciones terapéuticas en Ortopedia de dos grandes grupos de biomateriales, tanto las sales de calcio (fosfatos, sulfatos e hidroxiapatita) como la matriz ósea desmineralizada a partir de sus principios biológicos relacionados.


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