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2013, Número 1

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RCAN 2013; 23 (1)


La biota intestinal, el metabolismo energético, y la Diabetes mellitus

Ochoa C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 64
Paginas: 113-129
Archivo PDF: 344.57 Kb.


RESUMEN

La biota intestinal comprende miles de millones de bacterias que colonizan el tracto gastrointestinal del ser humano. Las bacterias de la biota intestinal difieren entre sí por la respuesta al colorante de Gram, la actividad fermentativa, la capacidad de utilizar el oxígeno, la distribución topográfica en el tubo digestivo, y la familia de pertenencia (establecida ésta de la composición nucleotídica del genoma bacteriano). Los Firmicutes y los Bacteroidetes son las familias bacterianas predominantes en el intestino. Los cambios en los estilos dietéticos y alimentarios del sujeto, con una reducción del consumo de fibra dietética, y un aumento de la presencia de azúcares y cereales refinadas, y grasas saturadas, provocan cambios profundos en la composición bacteriana de la biota intestinal que pueden desembocar en inflamación, resistencia periférica a la acción de la insulina, deposición incrementada de grasa corporal y visceral, y exceso de peso. La comprensión de los mecanismos etio- y fisiopatopgénicos mediante los cuales la biota intestinal influye en el metabolismo energético puede aportar nuevas estrategias para la prevención y el tratamiento de la obesidad y las comorbilidades acompañantes incluidas en el Síndrome metabólico.


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